突发水环境污染事件的健康影响后评估  

Post-assessment of health impact of water pollution emergencies

作　　者：刘婷婷 张晓彤 张文颖 宋风景 陈城宇 蒋林霖 解晓敏 孙一铭 韩旭[1] 王先良[1] LIU Ting-ting;ZHANG Xiao-tong;ZHANG Wen-ying;SONG Feng-jing;CHEN Cheng-yu;JIANG Lin-lin;XIE Xiao-min;SUN Yi-ming;HAN Xu;WANG Xian-liang(China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health,National Institute of Environmental Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100021,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,中国疾病预防控制中心环境与人群健康重点实验室,北京100021

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2025年第2期1127-1135,共9页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(21976169);国家重点研发计划专项(2022YFC3702800);北京市自然科学基金资助项目(8182055)。

摘　　要：通过收集水污染事件,总结得出水污染事件的特征和人群健康影响.水污染事件类型分为工业污染、农业污染和城市污染.工业污染产生的原因多属于人为排放和污染泄露,污染物以重金属和化学品为主,通常不会直接影响人体健康,但发生后造成的经济损失最多.农业污染包括耕地污染和畜牧污染,二者均会产生经济损失,未见严重的健康后果.城市污染与人群健康关系密切,其中微生物污染导致的健康后果最常见,主要属于急性损害.污染事件发生后对人群生理、心理健康都会产生影响.水体遗留污染及人群慢性长期健康影响的相关研究较少,遗留污染的健康风险评估值得探讨.Water pollution incidents were collected,and the characteristics of the incidents and their impact on population health were summarized.The types of water pollution incidents were classified as industrial pollution,agricultural pollution,and urban pollution.Industrial pollution were primarily caused by anthropogenic emissions and contaminant leakage.The pollutants were primarily heavy metals and chemicals.These pollutants were not usually directly affecting human health but resulted in the most economic losses once they occurred.Agricultural pollution,encompassing arable land pollution and animal husbandry pollution,was leading to economic losses with no serious health damage being caused.Urban pollution was being closely related to human health,and the health consequences caused by microbial pollution were the most frequent,primarily acute damage.The physiological and psychological health of the population were affected after the occurrence of the pollution incidents.Limited research had been conducted on residual water pollution and its chronic long-term effects on public health.The health risk assessment of residual pollution was worth being explored.

关 键 词：突发水污染事件 污染影响 健康损害 经济损失 后评估 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X503.1