可膨胀石墨阻燃聚脲弹性体及其耐老化性能研究  

Research on expandable graphite flame-retardant polyurea elastomer and its aging resistance

作　　者：贺云飞 刘晓文 王宝柱 赵斌 He Yunfei;Liu Xiaowen;Wang Baozhu;Zhao Bin(Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials,National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D&A(Shandong),Qingdao University,Qingdao,266071;Qingdao Key Laboratory of Polyurea Elastomers,Qingdao 266100)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学功能纺织品与先进材料研究院,新型防火阻燃材料开发与应用国家地方联合工程研究中心(山东),青岛266071 [2]青岛市聚脲弹性体重点实验室,青岛266100

出　　处：《化工新型材料》2025年第2期90-95,共6页New Chemical Materials

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB3700202)。

摘　　要：分别采用80目与150目可膨胀石墨(EG),在制备阻燃聚脲(PUA)弹性体的基础上,采用热重分析、极限氧指数、垂直燃烧、锥形量热、扫描电镜、拉伸、撕裂等一系列测试对PUA热性能、阻燃性能、燃烧行为及力学性能进行了系统研究。结果表明,两种粒径的EG对PUA均具有较高的阻燃效率,在5%的80目EG或15%的150目EG添加量下,PUA在垂直燃烧测试中均能表现出离火自熄性,熔滴现象消失,通过UL-94 V-0等级。同时,其热释放速率峰值、总热释放、总烟释放等火安全行为参数大幅下降。阻燃PUA燃烧后表面形成蠕虫状的膨胀炭层,有效保护了内部PUA基体。EG加入后PUA的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、撕裂强度的保持率在74.0%以上,且在168h热氧老化处理后仍具有较高的力学性能及阻燃性能。Expandable graphite(EG)of 80-mesh and 150-mesh sizes was used to prepare flame-retardant polyurea(PUA)elastomers.The thermal properties,flame retardancy,combustion behavior,and mechanical properties of PUA were systematically investigated through a series of tests,including thermogravimetric analysis,limiting oxygen index,vertical flame testing,cone calorimetry,scanning electron microscopy,tensile testing,and tear testing.The results demonstrated that both particle sizes of EG effectively enhanced the flame retardancy of PUA.With the addition of 5%80-mesh EG or 15%150-mesh EG,the PUA exhibited self-extinguishing behavior in vertical flame testing without melt dripping,achieving the UL-94 V-0 rating.Additionally,key fire safety parameters such as peak heat release rate,total heat release,and total smoke release were significantly reduced.The microstructure of the residual char showed an earthworm-like expanded char layer was formed on the surface of flame-retardant PUA after burning,which effectively protected the internal PUA matrix.Mechanical performance tests revealed that after the addition of EG,the retention rate of tensile strength,elongation at break,and tear strength of PUA remained above 74.0%.Even after 168 hours of thermal-oxidative aging,the PUA retained high mechanical properties and flame retardancy.

关 键 词：聚脲 可膨胀石墨 阻燃 老化 

分 类 号：TQ334[化学工程—橡胶工业]