过渡金属氧化物对硅橡胶阻燃性能和热稳定性及燃烧性能的影响  

Effects of transition metal oxide on the flame retardancy,thermal stability and combustion properties of silicone rubber

作　　者：王鹏举 商珂 杨进军[1] 王俊胜 Wang Pengju;Shang Ke;Yang Jinjun;Wang Junsheng(School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering,Tianjin University of Technology,Tianjin 300384;Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM,Tianjin 300381)

机构地区：[1]天津理工大学环境科学与安全工程学院,天津300384 [2]应急管理部天津消防研究所,天津300381

出　　处：《化工新型材料》2025年第2期117-122,共6页New Chemical Materials

基　　金：天津市自然科学基金项目(22JCYBJC01720);应急管理部天津消防研究所基科费项目(2023SJ18)。

摘　　要：采用氧指数仪、垂直燃烧仪、同步热分析仪、锥形量热仪和电子万能试验机,系统研究了ZnO、CuO、CeO_(2)、La_(2)O_(3)、ZrO_(2)、Fe_(2)O_(3)、Al_(2)O_(3)等7种过渡金属氧化物(MOs)及其含量对硅橡胶复合材料阻燃性能、热稳定性和力学性能的影响。结果表明:MOs能提升硅橡胶复合材料的极限氧指数(LOI),其中以ZnO的效果最为显著,添加5份后硅橡胶复合材料的LOI数值由24.4提高至27.2;添加MOs后硅橡胶复合材料的垂直燃烧等级仍为无级,MOs在改善垂直燃烧性能方面作用不明显;CuO和La_(2)O_(3)会降低硅橡胶复合材料的最大热分解温度,而ZnO能提高复合材料的初始热分解温度、最大热分解温度和高温下的残炭等热稳定性相关参数,其中添加5份ZnO的复合材料的初始热分解温度、800℃下残炭分别达到了446.9℃、646.7℃和31.8%;MOs对硅橡胶复合材料的火安全性提升较为明显,添加5份ZnO的复合材料热释放速率峰值(PHRR)、总产烟量(TSP)分别降低了35.8%和23.4%;除添加5份La_(2)O_(3)降低了SR复合材料的力学性能之外,ZnO、CuO的添加均提升了复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率。The effects of seven transition metal oxides(MOs),including ZnO,CuO,CeO_(2),La_(2)O_(3),ZrO_(2),Fe_(2)O_(3)and Al_(2)O_(3),on the flame retardancy,thermal stability and mechanical properties of silicone rubber composites were investigated by limited oxygen index(LOI),vertical combustion instrument,simultaneous thermal analyzer,cone calorimeter and electronic universal testing machine.The results indicated that MOs could enhance the LOI values of silicone rubber composites,of which the effect of ZnO is most significant,and the LOI value of silicone rubber composites increased from 24.4 to 27.2 with adding 5 phr ZnO.The vertical combustion level of the silicone rubber composite material remained non-classified with the loading of MOs,indicating that the effect of MOs on improving vertical combustion performance was not significant.CuO and La_(2)O_(3)could reduce the maximum thermal decomposition temperature of the composite material,while the addition of ZnO could improve the initial thermal decomposition temperature,maximum thermal decomposition temperature and the residual carbon,in which the initial thermal decomposition temperature and residual carbon at 800℃of the composite containing 5 phr of ZnO reached 446.9℃,646.7℃and 31.8%,respectively.MOs could improve the fire safety of the silicone rubber composites,and the peak heat release rate(PHRR)and total smoke production(TSP)of the composites with 5 phr of ZnO decreased by 35.8%and 23.4%,respectively.Except for La_(2)O_(3),which reduced the mechanical properties of the composites,the addition of ZnO and CuO increased the tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites.

关 键 词：硅橡胶 过渡金属氧化物 阻燃性能 热稳定性 力学性能 

分 类 号：TQ333.93[化学工程—橡胶工业]