湿法纺丝制备再生纤维素气凝胶纤维与应用研究  

Preparation of regenerated cellulose aerogel fibers by wet spinning and application research

作　　者：马兑新 伍秋萍 方华扬 孙建平 郑彦洁 Ma Duixin;Wu Qiuping;Fang Huayang;Sun Jianping;Zheng Yanjie(State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures,School of Resources,Environment and Materials,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004;Guangxi Minzu Normal University,Chongzuo 532200)

机构地区：[1]广西大学资源环境与材料学院省部共建特色金属材料与组合结构全寿命安全国家重点实验室,南宁530004 [2]广西民族师范学院,崇左532200

出　　处：《化工新型材料》2025年第2期220-226,共7页New Chemical Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32260359);桂西南高端家居设计产业学院平台项目(2021-304475)。

摘　　要：热绝缘性织物可以有效减弱高温对人体的伤害,生物质材料因其可再生和来源丰富的特点备受青睐,但在隔热材料领域的应用中仍面临挑战。以纤维素粉为原料,LiOH/尿素/水溶液为溶解体系,通过湿法纺丝和冷冻干燥相结合,制备再生纤维素气凝胶纤维,采用万能机械试验机测试纤维素气凝胶纤维的机械强度;并通过单因素实验分析了凝固浴、纺丝液浓度、纺丝速率、凝固时间和洗涤时间这5个因素对再生气凝胶纤维结构和性能的影响。结果表明:二级凝固浴,6%的纺丝液浓度,1.8mL/min的纺丝速率,2min的凝固时间和20min的洗涤时间制备的再生纤维素气凝胶纤维表现出优异的力学性能。此外,基于该纤维组装的织物表现出良好的隔热能力,红外热像仪观测到其在100℃下产生30℃的温差,拓宽了可再生生物质材料在隔热领域的应用。Thermal insulation textiles can effectively attenuate the harm of high temperature to human body.Biomass materials are highly favored because of their renewability and abundance of sources,but challenges remain in their application in the field of thermal insulation.Regenerated cellulose aerogel fibers were prepared by a combination of wet spinning and freeze-drying using cellulose powder as raw material and LiOH/urea/aqueous solution as a dissolution system.A universal mechanical testing machine was used to test the mechanical strength of the cellulose aerogel fibers.The effects of coagulation bath,spinning solution concentration,spinning rate,coagulation time and washing time on the structure and properties of the regenerated aerogel fibers were analyzed by single-factor experiments.The results indicated that the regenerated cellulose aerogel fibers prepared with 6wt%spinning solution concentration,1.8mL·min-1 spinning rate,secondary coagulation bath,2min coagulation time and 20 min washing time exhibited excellent mechanical properties.In addition,the textiles assembled based on these fibers showed good thermal insulation ability,which was observed by infrared thermography to produce a temperature difference of 30℃at 100℃,broadening the application of renewable biomass materials in the field of thermal insulation.

关 键 词：纤维素纤维 湿法纺丝 凝固条件 机械性能 隔热材料 

分 类 号：TB303[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TQ352[化学工程] TS104.2[轻工技术与工程—纺织工程]