近坝库岸滑坡涌浪-溃坝链生灾害研究进展  

Research advances on landslide-induced surge and dam-break cascading disasters near dams

作　　者：杜镇瀚 陈祥 潘洪月 彭潜 张士辰[1,4] Du Zhenhan;Chen Xiang;Pan Hongyue;Peng Qian;Zhang Shichen

机构地区：[1]南京水利科学研究院,南京210029 [2]四川大学,成都610065 [3]中国长江三峡集团有限公司,武汉430015 [4]水利部大坝安全管理中心,南京210029

出　　处：《中国水利》2025年第3期50-57,共8页China Water Resources

基　　金：世界一流的三峡集团水库水电站大坝安全管理能力建设咨询项目(Hj724122);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(Y724007、Y724010)。

摘　　要：近坝库岸滑坡是水库库区主要地质灾害之一,高山峡谷区滑坡体失稳高速滑入库区可能导致巨型涌浪,大坝遭到涌浪冲击与漫顶水头冲刷的双重作用,面临极高安全问题,对下游人民生命财产安全造成极大威胁,其引起的灾害链风险一直是研究热点,探究滑坡涌浪致灾机理及链式效应、涌浪溃坝灾害过程具有重要意义。综述了目前国内外相关研究进展,从滑坡涌浪特征、涌浪对建筑物作用过程、漫顶冲蚀溃决等角度对高山峡谷区土石坝库区地质-水工灾害链生机理的试验与模拟研究现状进行了梳理分析,对近坝库岸滑坡涌浪-溃坝链生灾害研究与实践进行了思考与展望。发现目前研究多集中于滑坡易发性、稳定性及滑坡涌浪产生机制的前端思考,忽略了滑坡体产生的巨型涌浪对水工结构的影响及周边承灾体的风险评估与防范管理,建议在近坝库岸滑坡涌浪-溃坝链生灾害机理、灾害智能识别、风险评估与防范、应急预演与处置及相关政策法规等方面加强研究与实践。Landslides in near-dam reservoir banks are among the primary geological hazards in reservoir areas.In high mountain canyon regions,the instability and rapid sliding of landslide masses into reservoirs may generate massive surge waves.Under the combined effects of wave impact forces and overtopping-induced erosion,dams face extreme safety risks,posing significant threats to downstream lives and property.The cascading disaster risks triggered by such events have been a longstanding research focus,making it crucial to investigate the disaster mechanisms and chain effects of landslide-induced surge waves,as well as the dam failure processes caused by such waves.This paper reviews the current research progress both domestically and internationally,summarizing experimental and simulation studies on the cascading mechanisms of geological-hydraulic disasters in earth-rock dam reservoir areas within high mountain canyon regions.The analysis covers surge wave characteristics,wave-structure interactions,and overtopping erosion-induced dam breaching.Additionally,the study reflects on and provides insights into future research and practice concerning landslide-induced surge waves and dam-break cascading disasters in near-dam reservoir areas.It is observed that most existing studies focus on landslide susceptibility,stability,and the initial mechanisms of surge wave generation,while overlooking the impact of massive surge waves on hydraulic structures and the risk assessment and management of surrounding vulnerable entities.Future research should be strengthened in the areas of cascading disaster mechanisms,intelligent hazard identification,risk assessment and mitigation,emergency preparedness and response,and relevant policies and regulations.

关 键 词：库岸滑坡 滑坡涌浪 土石坝溃决 地质-水工灾害链 风险评估 

分 类 号：TV697[水利工程—水利水电工程] TV139.2