全国河道采砂管理关键要素分析及对策建议  

Analysis of key elements and measures for the management of river sand mining in China

作　　者：金中武[1] 陈齐 李志晶[1] 周银军[1] 吴华莉[1] 刘亚[1] Jin Zhongwu;Chen Qi;Li Zhijing;Zhou Yinjun;Wu Huali;Liu Ya

机构地区：[1]长江科学院河流研究所,武汉430010

出　　处：《中国水利》2025年第3期58-65,共8页China Water Resources

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费“新水沙条件下三峡水库关键水色要素时空演变机制研究”(CKSF2024988/HL);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费“水库下游非恒定流条件下泥沙输移与河床演化研究”(CKSF20241011/HL);长江科学院院级国际联合研究团队“水库淤积控制及淤沙资源化利用”(CKSF2023397/HL)。

摘　　要：河道砂石作为砂石资源体系的重要组成部分,其供需态势、管理模式及利用水平不仅直接影响市场供给,更关乎河湖防洪安全和生态系统稳定。随着全国主要流域来沙量持续减少、砂石资源市场供需结构发生显著变化及河湖长制在全国范围内纵深推进,河道采砂管理面临新的挑战与更高要求。从宏观视角出发,系统分析了当前河道砂石资源供需现状,深入探讨了河道采砂管理中法规体系、河道砂石资源权属界定、采砂许可、河道采砂权出让、疏浚砂利用、现场管理制度等关键要素,提出了完善立法工作、理顺管理职责、优化许可方式、规范疏浚砂利用、明确收益使用、加强现场管理等具有针对性的对策,并建议加快推进河道采砂管理立法进程,加强河道采砂管理技术研究与应用,旨在优化现有河道采砂管理模式,促进河湖生态环境的有效保护和河砂资源的可持续利用,为新形势下全国河道采砂管理工作提供科学依据和决策支持。As a crucial component of the sand and gravel resource system,the supply-demand dynamics,management models,and utilization of river sand directly impact market supply while also affecting flood control safety and the ecological stability of rivers and lakes.With the continued decline in sediment inflow across major river basins,significant shifts in the supply-demand structure of sand and gravel resources,and the deepening implementation of the river and lake chief system nationwide,river sand mining management is facing new challenges and higher requirements.From a macro perspective,this study systematically analyzes the current supply and demand status of river sand resources.Key management elements are explored,including the legal framework,ownership of river sand resources,sand mining permits,transfer of river sand mining rights,utilization of dredged sand,and on-site management systems.Targeted measures are proposed,such as improving legislation,clarifying management responsibilities,optimizing licensing mechanisms,standardizing the use of dredged sand,defining revenue allocation,and strengthening on-site management.To enhance river sand mining management under evolving conditions,it is recommended to accelerate legislative processes,advance research and application of management technologies,and optimize existing management models.The study aim to promote the effective protection of river and lake ecosystems and ensure the sustainable utilization of sand resources,providing a scientific foundation for policymaking and management practices.

关 键 词：砂石资源 河道采砂 供需结构 管理对策 

分 类 号：TV85[水利工程—水利水电工程] TV879