壁画颜料层铅丹颜料变色影响因素及反应机理研究  

Factors Impacting Discoloration of Red Lead Pigment in Mural Paintings and Reaction Conditions

作　　者：吕佳瑛 杨璐 张玺[2,4] Lv Jiaying;Yang Lu;Zhang Xi

机构地区：[1]中国―中亚人类与环境“一带一路”联合实验室 [2]西北大学文化遗产学院 [3]陕西省考古研究院 [4]榆林市榆阳区文化和旅游文物广电局

出　　处：《考古与文物》2025年第1期120-128,共9页Archaeology and Cultural Relics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“墓葬壁画原位保护关键技术研究”(编号:2019YFC1520700);国家文物局文物科学技术研究项目“丝绸之路-天山廊道中国段彩绘文物胶料分析研究”(编号:2023ZCK029);陕西省重点研发计划项目“考古现场文物加固、防水、提取材料的研发与关键技术研究”(编号:2019ZDLSF07-05)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：为探究古代壁画中铅丹颜料层变色的诱因,本文在还原壁画制作工艺、模拟其保存环境的基础上,分析了变色前后铅丹颜料的色彩、元素组成及结构,并基于正交实验法对铅丹变色的反应条件进行研究。实验结果表明,铅丹颜料主要会受到光照、湿度及壁画白灰层的影响,发生歧化反应,生成二氧化铅及一氧化铅,其中二氧化铅呈黑色,导致铅丹变色。此外,在部分实验条件下壁画白灰层物质会析出至颜料层表面,这一发现有助于进一步探究白灰层影响铅丹变色的作用机理。This study investigates the causes of discoloration in red lead(minium)pigment used in ancient mural paintings.By replicating traditional mural painting production techniques and simulating preservation environments,the research analyzes the pigment's color,elemental composition,and structural changes before and after discoloration.Microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,and Raman spectroscopy were employed for this analysis.Reaction conditions leading to discoloration were examined through orthogonal experiments.Our results indicate that red lead pigment discoloration is primarily influenced by light,humidity,and interactions with the mural’s white ash layer.Disproportionation reactions produce litharge and plattnerite,with plattnerite's black hue causing the discoloration.Additionally,under certain conditions,the white ash layer precipitates onto the pigment surface,providing further insight into its role in the discoloration process.This research contributes to improving the preservation environment of mural cultural relics and deepening our understanding of the aging mechanisms of mural pigments.

关 键 词：铅丹变色 壁画颜料层 正交实验 二氧化铅 

分 类 号：J21[艺术—美术]