地膜覆盖和灌溉量对棉田土壤水盐分布特征的影响  

Effects of mulch cover and irrigation volume on soil water-salt distribution characteristics in cotton fields

作　　者：刘海军 王冬 林涛[3,4,5] 张昊 王一帆 陈茂光 汤秋香 蒋平安[6] LIU Haijun;WANG Dong;LIN Tao;ZHANG Hao;WANG Yifan;CHEN Maoguang;TANG Qiuxiang;JIANG Ping′an(College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University/Engineering Research Centre of Cotton of Ministry of Education,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Jinfengyuan Seed Industry Co.,Ltd.,Wensu 843100,China;Institute of Industrial Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Key Laboratory of Crop Physiological Ecology and Cultivation in Desert Oasis Region,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Urumqi 830091,China;College of Pratacultural,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院/棉花教育部工程研究中心,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆金丰源种业有限公司,新疆温宿843100 [3]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [4]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [5]农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [6]新疆农业大学草业学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2025年第1期90-107,共18页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A01002-4-4);国家自然科学基金项目(31960386)。

摘　　要：为探究不同地膜覆盖和灌溉量对南疆棉田土壤水盐分布特征的影响,本研究于2021—2022年在新疆阿克苏地区沙雅县棉花地开展试验,以裸地(M0)为对照,设置高堡膜覆盖(M1)和普通PE地膜覆盖(M2)2种地膜处理,以及3150(W1)、4050(W2)、4950 m3·hm^(-2)(W3)3个灌溉量,分析了不同地膜覆盖和灌溉量对棉田0~60 cm土壤含水率、盐分、水盐分布均匀系数、盐分变化量和脱盐率的影响。结果表明:2021—2022年,随着灌溉量的增加,棉田土壤的含水量均呈上升趋势,盐分显著降低。棉田土壤水分的纵向运移能力均显著提高,膜间上层土壤盐分的淋溶效果显著,但水分分布均匀度和盐分分布均匀度均逐渐下降,盐分变化量和脱盐率随着灌溉量的增加而增大。M1处理0~60 cm土层平均土壤含水率较M0和M2处理分别高5.76%~14.03%和0.86%~2.22%,且M1处理可显著提高土壤水分分布的均匀度。随着时间的推进,各处理上层(0~30 cm)的土壤含盐量呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,下层(30~60 cm)的土壤含盐量逐渐升高;M0处理0~60 cm土层平均含盐量较M1和M2处理分别高24.22%~35.87%和18.88%~30.64%,M1和M2处理的盐分分布均匀度下降。在二者互作条件下,W3M1处理的土壤含水率最高,2021、2022年分别为26.48%、23.99%,水分的纵向运移能力显著提高,上层土壤盐分降低,W3M2(2021)、W3M1(2022)的盐分变化量和脱盐率最高,分别为0.33 g·kg^(-1)和38.66%、0.33 g·kg^(-1)和45.65%。综上所述,在高堡膜覆盖条件下,采用4950 m3·hm^(-2)的灌溉量时,可提高棉田土壤含水率,显著降低膜间土壤含盐量,有利于土壤排盐,降低土壤次生盐渍化,促进棉花根系的生长。To explore the effects of different mulch and irrigation on the distribution characteristics of water and salt in cotton soil in southern Xinjiang,the trial was conducted in cotton fields in Shaya County,Aksu District,Xinjiang from 2021 to 2022.Bare land(M0)was used as the control,and two types of mulches,Goburg film cover(M1)and ordinary PE film cover(M2)were set up with three irrigation volumes of 3,150(W1),4,050 m3·hm^(-2)(W2),and 4,950 m3·hm^(-2)(W3).The effects of different mulch and irrigation amounts on soil moisture content,salinity,uniformity coefficient,amount of salinity change,and desalination rate of 0–60 cm soil in cotton fields were analyzed.From 2021 to 2022,the water content of cotton field soils tended to increase,and salinity decreased significantly with increased irrigation.The longitudinal transport capacity of soil moisture in cotton fields all significantly increased.Although the leaching effect of soil salts in the upper layer between the membranes was significant,the water and salt distribution uniformities gradually decreased,and the salinity change and desalination rate increased with increased irrigation.The average soil water content in the 0–60 cm soil layer of the M1 treatment was 5.76%-14.03%and 0.86%-2.22%higher than that of the M0 and M2 treatments,respectively,and could significantly improve the uniformity of soil water distribution.As time progressed,the soil salinity in the upper layer(0–30 cm)of each treatment decreased and then increased.The soil salinity in the lower layer(30–60 cm)gradually increased.The average salinity in the 0–60 cm soil layer of the M0 treatment was 24.22%-35.87%and 18.88%-30.04%higher than that of the M1 and M2 treatments,respectively.The salt distribution uniformity decreased in M1 and M2 treatments.Under the intercropping conditions between the two,W3M1 treatment had the highest soil water content of 26.48%and 23.99%,significantly improving the vertical transport of water and reducing upper soil salinity.W3M2(2021)and W3M1(2022)had the h

关 键 词：地膜 灌溉量 机采棉 水盐运移 南疆 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]