松嫩平原黑土区土壤有机质含量时空变化及其影响因素  

Spatial-temporal variation of soil organic matter content and its influencing factors in the black soil area of the Songnen Plain

作　　者：秦诗涵 孙继光[1] 常坤 徐英德 汪景宽[1] QIN Shihan;SUN Jiguang;CHANG Kun;XU Yingde;WANG Jingkuan(College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northeast Arable Land Conservation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shenyang 110866,China;Yingkou Agricultural and Rural Comprehensive Development Service Center,Yingkou 115003,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院/农业农村部东北耕地保育重点实验室,沈阳110866 [2]营口市农业农村综合发展服务中心,辽宁营口115003

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2025年第1期120-129,共10页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1500202,2021YFD1500205,2021YFD1500204)。

摘　　要：明晰农田土壤有机质的时空变化格局对保障农业绿色可持续发展具有重大意义。本研究以松嫩平原黑土区为研究对象,基于第二次全国土壤普查和2015年东北地区耕地力调查与评价数据,运用ArcGIS 10.8和GS+9.0软件进行数据分析,以期探讨第二次全国土壤普查以来松嫩平原黑土区耕地土壤有机质时空变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明:2015年松嫩平原黑土区耕地土壤有机质平均含量为31.70 g·kg^(−1),其中Ⅲ级(20~30 g·kg^(−1))水平占比最大;松嫩平原黑土区各市土壤有机质含量较20世纪80年代大多有不同程度下降,其中哈尔滨市和大庆市降幅最大;松嫩平原不同土壤类型的土壤有机质均有不同程度下降,其中沼泽土、暗棕壤和白浆土的土壤有机质含量下降最多,分别下降了12.76、10.58 g·kg^(−1)和6.70 g·kg^(−1)。松嫩平原黑土区耕地土壤有机质含量具有强烈的空间自相关性,最优拟合模型为球形模型,呈现东北高、西南低的空间分布特征;有效积温、海拔、经纬度、年降水量是影响松嫩平原黑土区土壤有机质时空变异的主要因素,共同解释松嫩平原黑土区耕地土壤有机质含量57%变化量。综上,1980s—2015年松嫩平原黑土区耕地有机质含量呈下降趋势且呈现出东北部高、西南部低的空间分布格局,土壤有机质含量受气候、地形和人为因素的共同影响,其中有效积温对有机质含量变化的贡献率最大(28.4%)。Understanding the spatial-temporal variation pattern of soil organic matter(SOM)in farmland is crucial for promoting green and sustainable agricultural development.Using ArcGIS 10.8 and GS+9.0 software,we investigated the spatial-temporal variation and influencing factors of SOM content in the black soil region of Songnen Plain since the second national soil census.Results revealed that the average SOM content in the Songnen Plain black soil area was 31.7 g·kg^(-1),with levelⅢ(20~30 g·kg^(-1))dominating in 2015.Since the 1980s,SOM content has declined in cities across the region,notably in Harbin and Daqing.Different soil types exhibited varying declines in SOM content.The SOM contents of swamp soil,dark brown soil,and white pulp soil have decreased by 12.76,10.58 g·kg^(−1),and 6.70 g·kg^(−1),respectively.The SOM content in the Songnen Plain black soil area showed strong spatial autocorrelation,and the optimal fitting model was spherical,indicating a spatial distribution characteristic of high in the northeast and low in the southwest.Effective accumulated temperature,altitude,longitude and latitude,annual precipitation,are the main factors affecting the spatial-temporal variation of SOM content.Among them,the SOM content in farmland in the black soil area of the Songnen Plain has exhibited a decreasing trend and spatial distribution pattern in the northeast and low in the southwest from 1980s to 2015.The present study showed that SOM content was affected by a combination of climatic,topographic,and anthropogenic factors,among which the effective accumulated temperature contributed the most to the change in the SOM content,which was 28.4%.

关 键 词：松嫩平原 有机质 时空变化 地理信息系统 

分 类 号：S153.621[农业科学—土壤学]