饲草种植及牛粪施用对松嫩平原盐碱土养分及腐殖质组成的影响  

Effects of forage cultivation and cattle manure application on nutrient and humus composition of saline-alkali soil in the Songnen Plain

作　　者：吕悦齐 胡娟 高东雪 张慧 LÜYueqi;HU Juan;GAO Dongxue;ZHANG Hui(State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China;Key Laboratory of Grassland Animal Husbandry of Jilin Province,Changchun 130102,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土保护与利用国家重点实验室,长春130102 [2]吉林省草地畜牧重点实验室,长春130102

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2025年第1期169-176,共8页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项(XDA28110202);吉林省与中国科学院科技合作高技术产业化专项(2021SYHZ0003)。

摘　　要：为探讨施用牛粪对盐碱土壤速效养分和腐殖质组分的影响,明确其对盐碱土壤的培肥效果,本试验设不施肥(CK)、100%牛粪(C)、100%化肥(NPK)、50%牛粪+50%化肥(CNPK)4个处理,种植苜蓿和苏丹草,研究松嫩平原盐碱土养分及腐殖质组分变化。结果表明:与CK处理相比,施肥处理明显增加了全氮(TN)、碱解氮(AN)、速效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)、有机碳(SOC)及腐殖质组分含量,降低了pH和电导率(EC)。苜蓿地土壤C处理AN、SOC、胡敏酸(HA)和胡敏素(HM)比NPK处理分别增加28.27%、7.68%、12.79%和34.63%,CNPK处理AK比C处理明显增加36.78%。苏丹草地土壤C处理AN、SOC和HA比NPK处理分别显著增加17.06%、9.69%和25.27%(P<0.05),CNPK处理AP和AK比C处理增加35.66%和23.81%,NPK处理EC比C处理明显降低30.16%。苜蓿地土壤SOC和速效养分含量及腐殖质组分含量均不同程度高于苏丹草地。研究表明,种植苜蓿及单施牛粪有助于促进土壤有机碳、腐殖质组分及速效养分积累,且使土壤胡敏酸和富里酸趋向年轻化和简单化,有利于土壤肥力的提升。Our study explored the effect of cow dung on the available nutrients and humus components in saline-alkali soil,and clarified its fertilization effect on saline-alkali soil.In this experiment,four treatments were set up:no fertilization(CK),100%cow dung(C),100%chemical fertilizer(NPK),and 50%cow dung+50%chemical fertilizer(CNPK).Alfalfa and Sudan grass were planted to study changes in the nutrient and humus components in saline-alkali soil in the Songnen Plain.Compared with the CK treatment,fertilization treatment significantly increased the contents of total nitrogen(TN),available nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),organic carbon(SOC),and humus components,and decreased pH and electrical conductivity(EC).The AN,SOC,humic acid(HA),and humin(HM)of alfalfa soil in the C treatment increased by 28.27%,7.68%,12.79%and 34.63%,respectively,compared with the NPK treatment.The AK of the CNPK treatment increased by 36.78%compared with the C treatment.The AN,SOC,and HA of the C treatment in Sudan grassland soil were significantly increased by 17.06%,9.69%and 25.27%(P<0.05),respectively,compared with the NPK treatment.The AP and AK of the CNPK treatment increased by 35.66%and 23.81%compared with the C treatment.The EC of the NPK treatment was lower than that of the C treatment(30.16%).The soil SOC,available nutrient content,and humus component content of alfalfa fields were higher than those of Sudan grassland to different degrees.Studies have shown that planting alfalfa and single application of cow dung are conducive to promoting the accumulation of soil organic carbon,humus components,and available nutrients,with soil humic acid and fulvic acid tending to be more simple,which is conducive to improved soil fertility.

关 键 词：苜蓿 苏丹草 化肥 腐殖质 土壤有机碳 

分 类 号：S153.622[农业科学—土壤学]