秸秆及其配施对黄灌区盐碱土壤团聚体结构、持水及收缩特性的影响  

Effects of straw and its application on aggregate structure,water holding capacity and shrinkage characteristics of saline-alkali soil in an irrigation area on south bank of the Yellow River

作　　者：李玮 尹广生 陈冲 彭钰梅 商建英 王祥 LI Wei;YIN Guangsheng;CHEN Chong;PENG Yumei;SHANG Jianying;WANG Xiang(College of Land Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院,北京100193 [2]农业农村部华北耕地保育重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2025年第1期177-186,共10页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技兴蒙项目(2021EEDSCXSFQZD011)。

摘　　要：为探究秸秆及其配施有机物料对黄河南岸灌区盐碱土壤结构的影响,本研究基于玉米秸秆还田处理设置了对照(CK)、3%玉米秸秆(W1)、2%玉米秸秆配施1%牛粪(W2)、2%玉米秸秆配施1%生物炭(W3)四个有机物料组合处理,于温室大棚土壤培养后,测定不同物料组合下盐碱土壤的团聚体特性、水分特征曲线及收缩曲线,对比分析不同物料组合对盐碱土壤持水特性及结构状况的影响。结果表明:不同物料组合均增加了土壤全氮、全碳和有机碳含量,增幅分别为9.09%~27.27%、21.10%~35.64%、25.54%~64.64%,土壤>0.25 mm团聚体数量和团聚体的水稳定性均明显提高,水稳定性团聚体含量(WR_(0.25))和几何平均直径(GMD)增幅分别达到50.00%~57.69%、64.86%~105.41%,但不同组合处理表现出显著差异性,其中W1处理提高盐碱土壤团聚体数量和稳定性效果最好,增幅分别为57.69%、105.41%。不同物料组合增强了盐碱土壤持水性,不同处理间的差异主要体现在低吸力段和中吸力段,当土壤水吸力<100 cm时,各处理体积含水率大小依次为W1>W2>W3>CK,而当100 cm<土壤水吸力<260 cm时,各处理含水率表现为W1>W3>W2>CK。不同物料组合也改变了土壤孔隙分布状况,其中W1处理和W2处理显著增加了土壤小孔隙和中等孔隙的体积占比,小孔隙体积占比较CK分别增加24.97%、20.22%,中等孔隙体积占比较CK分别增加11.43%、23.32%;而W3处理显著降低了土壤>30μm孔隙体积占比,较CK下降49.55%。通过比较分析Kim、Peng、Three-line和ModGG模型对盐碱土收缩过程的适应性发现,Peng和ModGG模型能较好地模拟离心条件下盐碱土壤的收缩曲线,拟合系数R^(2)均大于0.98,RMSE均小于0.012。基于ModGG模型分析后发现,不同有机物料组合提高了盐碱土壤收缩过程中结构收缩段的比例,增大了土壤孔隙体积;不同处理间土壤孔隙结构的力稳定性具有差异,其中W3处理的收缩率较CK降低19.11%,抗An incubation experiment was carried out with four treatments,control(CK),3%corn straw(W1),2%corn straw with 1%cow dung(W2),and 2%corn straw with 1%biochar(W3),respectively,to explore the effects of straw and its combined organic matter on the structure of saline-alkali soil in an irrigation area on south bank of the Yellow River.After soil cultivation in greenhouses,the aggregate characteristics,water characteristic curves,and shrinkage curves of saline-alkali soil under different material combinations were measured and the effects of different material combinations on the water-holding characteristics and structural conditions of saline-alkali soil were compared and analyzed.The results showed that different combinations of organic materials increased the contents of total nitrogen,total carbon and organic carbon,with the increase range of 9.09%-27.27%,21.10%-35.64%and 25.54%-64.64%,respectively.The number of aggregates and the water stability of aggregates>0.25 mm were significantly enhanced,and the increase ranges of WR_(0.25) and GMD were 50.00%-57.69%and 64.86%-105.41%,respectively,but different treatments had significant differences,among which W1 treatment had the best effect on increasing the number and stability of aggregates in saline-alkali soil,with an increase of 57.69%and 105.41%,respectively.The water holding capacity of saline-alkali soil was enhanced by different experimental treatments,and the differences between different treatments were mainly reflected in the low suction section and the medium suction section.When the soil water suction(h)was less than 100 cm,the soil volume water content of each treatment was W1>W2>W3>CK,and when it was 100 cm<h<260 cm,the water content of each treatment was W1>W3>W2>CK,respectively.The combination of different materials also changed the distribution of soil pores,and W1 and W2 significantly increased the volume proportion of soil small and medium pores,which increased by 24.97%and 20.22%,respectively compared with the control treatment,and increased the pr

关 键 词：盐碱土 玉米秸秆 牛粪 生物炭 有机物料 配施 收缩特征曲线 水分特征曲线 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]