绿针假单胞菌桔黄亚种在香蕉枯萎病防治中的应用  

Application of Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp.aurantiaca in the control of banana wilt disease

作　　者：宋秀丽 赵崇钊 卓愉林 马伟纯 马健维 张品淼 陈碧珊 SONG Xiuli;ZHAO Chongzhao;ZHUO Yulin;MA Weichun;MA Jianwei;ZHANG Pinmiao;CHEN Bishan(Lingnan Normal University,Zhanjiang 524048,China)

机构地区：[1]岭南师范学院,广东湛江524048

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2025年第1期206-217,共12页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：广东省普通高校特色创新类项目(2024KTSCX082);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2024A1515010079);湛江市科技计划项目(2022A01057);岭南师范学院2022年度校级教育教学改革项目。

摘　　要：绿针假单胞菌被认为是环境友好型的植物生防与促生菌,但关于绿针假单胞菌对香蕉枯萎病的防治效果尚不清楚。本研究利用绿针假单胞菌防治香蕉枯萎病,通过抗病相关代谢酶检测、代谢液的抑菌效果和盆栽试验明确绿针假单胞菌对香蕉枯萎病的生防效果及对土壤微生物群落的影响。结果表明:绿针假单胞菌桔黄亚种P1能够显著抑制香蕉枯萎病病原菌,抑菌率为89.92%。P1的菌悬液和代谢液均能有效抑制香蕉枯萎病病原菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发;生防菌P1能够分泌与生防作用相关的嗜铁素、蛋白酶、纤维素酶和淀粉酶;P1能够稳定定殖于植物根际土壤,显著抑制土壤中镰孢菌拷贝数的增加,对香蕉根系枯萎病防效达88.43%,对香蕉株高、茎围和植株干质量具有显著的促进作用。同时土壤中绿针假单胞菌P1的丰度与真菌群落多样性(Fungus Shannon)和镰孢菌(Fusarium)的相对丰度呈显著负相关,与细菌群落多样性(Bacterial Shannon)、群落丰度(Bacterial Chao1)和真菌群落丰度(Fungus Chao1)呈极显著负相关。研究表明,绿针假单胞菌桔黄亚种P1是一株良好的广谱抑菌性生防菌,能够显著防控香蕉枯萎病,并对香蕉具有促生作用。Pseudomonas chlororaphis is considered an environmentally friendly plant biocontrol and growth-promoting bacterium,but its effectiveness in controlling banana wilt disease remains unclear.Thus,this study utilized P.chlororaphis to control banana wilt disease.The biocontrol effect of P.chlororaphis on banana wilt disease and its impact on the soil microbial community were determined through detection of disease-resistance metabolic enzymes,the antibacterial effect of metabolic fluids,and pot experiments.The results showed that P.chlororaphis subsp.aurantiaca P1 could significantly inhibit the banana wilt disease pathogen,with an antibacterial rate of 89.92%.The bacterial suspension and metabolic solution of P1 can effectively inhibit the mycelial growth and spore germination of the banana wilt disease pathogen.The biocontrol bacterium P1 can secrete ferritin,protease,cellulase,and amylase,which are related to biocontrol,can stably colonize the rhizosphere soil of plants,and significantly inhibit increase of Fusarium copy number in the soil.It has a control effect on banana root wilt disease of 88.43%and also has a significant promoting effect on banana plant height,stem circumference,and plant dry mass.Furthermore,the abundance of P.chlororaphis P1 in the soil is significantly negatively correlated with the diversity of fungal communities(fungus Shannon index)and the relative abundance of Fusarium and is highly significantly negatively correlated with the diversity of bacterial communities(bacterial Shannon),the community abundance of bacterial communities(bacterial Chao1 index),and the community abundance of fungal communities(fungus Chao1).The research results indicate that P.chlororaphis subsp.aurantiaca P1 is a good broad-spectrum antibacterial biocontrol bacterium that can significantly prevent and control banana wilt disease and has a promoting effect on banana growth.

关 键 词：香蕉枯萎病 尖孢镰孢菌 绿针假单胞菌 抑菌机制 生防效果 

分 类 号：S436.68[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]