规制理论视野下的人工智能治理模式比较及启示--基于英美治理实践的观察  

A Comparative Study of Artificial Intelligence Governance Regime from the Perspective of Regulation Theory--Evidences from the British and America

作　　者：曾雄 张辉 Zeng Xiong;Zhang Hui(School of Humanities and Social Sciences,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;School of Public Affairs,University of Science and Technology of China,Anhui Hefei 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学文法学院,北京100083 [2]中国科学技术大学公共事务学院,安徽合肥230026

出　　处：《中国科技论坛》2025年第2期117-126,共10页Forum on Science and Technology in China

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目“我国平台经济领域自我优待行为的反垄断规制研究”(24YJC820003);中央高校基本科研业务费“我国平台经济领域自我优待行为的反垄断规制研究”(FRF-TR-24-053A)。

摘　　要：全球主要大国在人工智能治理实践中逐渐形成各具特色的治理模式,英国倚赖框架和原则,美国偏重企业的内部管理,中国积极制定规则和推进立法,分别具有基于原则规制、基于管理规制和基于规则规制的特征。这3种规制模式各具优劣势,彼此可以相互借鉴,取长补短。我国基于规则规制模式具有规则清晰、执行有力、标准统一等优点,但存在规则僵硬、适应性不足等缺陷,可以借鉴英美治理模式所具有的灵活性、自治性等优势。具体而言有以下政策启示:①在治理原则上,采取适当预防原则;②在治理理念上,通过学习型机制保证规则的动态性;③在治理主体上,发挥企业自我管理的效用;④在治理手段上,坚持技术之治与规则之治相结合。Each country has its own unique AI governance model,the UK relies on governance frameworks and principles,the US focuses on the internal management of enterprises,while China actively stipulates rules and promotes AI law,and these models are principles-based regulation,management-based regulation and rules-based regulation respectively.Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages,so they are complementary.This article believes that China's AI governance model has the advantages of clear rules,effective enforcement,and unified standards,while its shortcomings are rigid rules and insufficient adaptability.So,we can improve its flexibility and industry self-management autonomy like the UK and the US.Firstly,we shall adopt appropriate prevention principles;Secondly ensure the dynamic nature of rules through a learning mechanism;Thirdly,improve the effectiveness of self-regulation of enterprises;fourthly,we shall adhere to the combination of governance through technology and rules.

关 键 词：人工智能 基于原则规制 基于管理规制 基于规则规制 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]