美国技术出口管制法律制度研究--以“视同出口”制度对高校的规制为视角  

Research on the Legal System of U.S.Technology Export Controls--Focusing on the Regulation of Universities through the Deemed Export Rule

作　　者：史晓丽[1] 闫伟泽 Shi Xiaoli;Yan Weize(School of International Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学国际法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《中国科技论坛》2025年第2期180-188,共9页Forum on Science and Technology in China

摘　　要：在国际经贸竞争日益加剧的背景下,大国间竞争已上升至前沿科学技术领域,具体表现为对尖端技术、高端人才的动态博弈与对外部威胁的安全防范,发达国家利用“小院高墙”式技术出口管制等措施为中国的高科技发展设置壁垒,通过实施超WTO规则的“视同出口”制度来减少高校和科研机构的技术外流,从而达到在尖端技术领域完全垄断的局面。美国“视同出口”制度的实施与升级对全球科研技术的进步增设了障碍,在防范本国高端技术外流的同时也束缚了美国“科技领航”的吸引力,阻碍外国专家学者在美进行尖端科学研究,拉宽了发达国家与发展中国家间的科技发展鸿沟,并警示以中国为首的发展中国家应多措并举独立实现科技高质量发展。Against the backdrop of increasingly fierce international economic and trade competition,competition among major countries has risen to the frontier science and technology field,specifically manifested in the dynamic game of cutting-edge technology and high-end talents and security precautions against external threats.Developed countries use“small courtyards with high walls”technology export control and other measures to set up barriers for China's high-tech development,and reduce the outflow of technology from universities and research institutions by implementing a deemed export system that exceeds WTO rules,thereby achieving a complete monopoly in the field of cutting-edge technology.The implementation and upgrading of the U.S.deemed export system has added obstacles to the progress of global scientific research and technology.While preventing the outflow of high-end technology from the country,it has also constrained the attractiveness of the U.S.“science and technology leadership”,hindered foreign experts and scholars from conducting cutting-edge scientific research in the U.S.,widened the gap in scientific and technological development between developed and developing countries,and warned developing countries,led by China,to take multiple measures to independently achieve high-quality scientific and technological development.

关 键 词：技术出口管制 视同出口 高校技术安全 中美博弈 

分 类 号：D996[政治法律—经济法学] G301[政治法律—国际法学]