10个广西主栽油茶果实经济性状对比研究  

Fruit Economic Traits of 10 Main Camellia Varieties from Guangxi

作　　者：张路红 资超成[1,2] 吴伟 赵坤 李培旺[1] 蒋丽娟 李昌珠[1,3] 肖志红[1,4] 陈韵竹[1] Zhang Luhong;Zi Chaocheng;Wu Wei;Zhao Kun;Li Peiwang;Jiang Lijuan;Li Changzhu;Xiao Zhihong;Chen Yunzhu(State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource,Hunan Academy of Forestry,Changsha 410004;College of Life and Environmental Sciences,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004;Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Utilization Science for Southern Woody Oilseed,Changsha 410004;Changsha Innovation Institute for Food,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128)

机构地区：[1]湖南省林业科学院木本油料资源利用国家重点实验室,长沙410004 [2]中南林业科技大学生命与环境科学学院,长沙410004 [3]南方木本油料利用科学国家林业和草原局重点实验室,长沙410004 [4]湖南农业大学长沙现代食品创新研究院,长沙410128

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2025年第1期97-103,共7页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：郴州木本(油茶)关键技术攻关体系建设项目(2022sfq53),中南林业科技大学研究生科技创新基金项目(2023CX01024),长沙市自然科学基金项目(kq2208099)。

摘　　要：选取在广西广泛栽植、具代表性的10个油茶,采用直接测量、气相色谱及液相色谱等方法对果实特性、油脂含量、脂肪酸组成和总皂苷含量等经济性状进行对比分析研究,结果表明不同油茶品种果实特性存在显著性差异,种仁含油率在(34.00±0.33)%到(54.74±1.50)%之间,以广宁红花油茶(GN)含油率最佳;脂肪酸主要由油酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸和亚麻酸组成,其中不饱和脂肪酸质量分数高达(91.31±0.01)%;总皂苷质量分数在(16.63±1.50)%到(45.35±1.26)%之间,其中以南荣油茶(NR)含量最高;相关性比较分析表明含油率与皂苷含量呈现极显著正相关(r=0.48,P<0.01),皂苷含量与不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸的占比呈显著负相关(r=-0.44,P<0.05);主成分分析表明南荣、普通和岑软24号油茶果实经济性状较一致。本研究可为油茶的品种选育、推广种植以及油脂、皂苷加工利用提供科学依据。Ten widely planted and representative Camellia varieties from Guangxi,China were selected to analyze and research the economic traits of Camellia fruit,including fruit characteristic,oil content,fatty acids(FAs)components and the saponin content,etc.,by direct measurement,gas chromatography(GC)and liquid chromatography(HPLC).The results indicated that there were significant differences in fruit characteristics among different Camellia varieties.The variation in kernel oil content ranged from(34.00±0.33)%to(54.74±1.50)%,among which,the oil content of GuangNing(GN)was the highest.The major FAs were oleic acid,palmitic acid,linoleic acid,stearic acid,and linolenic acid.The total unsaturated FAs accounted for(91.31±0.01)%.The content of the saponin ranged from(16.63±1.50)%to(45.35±1.26)%,and NanRong was the highest.There was a significant positive correlation between oil content and the saponin content(r=0.48,P<0.01),and a significant negative correlation between the saponin content and the proportion of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids(r=-0.44,P<0.05).Principal component analysis indicated that the economic traits of the fruits of NanRong,PuTong and CenRuan No.24 were relatively even.This study can provide scientific basis for the variety breeding,popularization and planting of Camellia and the processing and utilization of oil and saponin.

关 键 词：油茶 皂苷 脂肪酸 果实特性 品种选育 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]