2000—2020年中国生物多样性保护优先区域人类足迹变化分析  

Analysis on changes in human footprint from 2000 to 2020 in the biodiversity conservation priority area of China

作　　者：邱成 QIU Cheng(School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Kunming Metallurgy College,Kunming 650300,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明冶金高等专科学校环境与化工学院,云南昆明650300

出　　处：《环境生态学》2025年第1期1-11,共11页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2024J1366);昆明冶金高等专科学校科研基金项目(2023xjz01)资助。

摘　　要：评估生物多样性保护优先区域(以下简称“优先区域”)人类活动的变化,是加强优先区域保护监管的重要依据。本研究基于人类足迹指数(Human Footprint Index,HFI)法,定量分析了中国陆地优先区域人类活动的强度及时空变化特征。结果表明:1)2020年中国32个陆域优先区域HFI平均值为4.51(低于全国的6.19),其HFI小于4的陆地占其总面积的比例为53.25%(高于全国的44.94%),说明优先区域对生物多样性有保护作用。2)人口压力是优先区域的最主要压力。在2000—2010年和2010—2020年2个时段,优先区域HFI变化均值分别为-0.08、0.23。在第二个时段,优先区域HFI均值增长既高于第一个时段,也高于全国陆地,其中,人口压力增长最快。3)优先区域划定之后,一部分区域自然生态环境继续得到改善(增加8.03%),但退化和明显退化的陆地面积比例增幅更大(增加13.68%),更大区域的自然生态环境人类活动在增加,生物多样性受到的威胁在加大,表明优先区域划定之后的生态保护效应还未充分体现,需要引起重视与关注。研究结果可为优先区域生物多样性保护、合理调控人类活动、加强优先区域保护监管提供参考。Evaluating the changes in human activities in priority areas for biodiversity conservation(hereinafter referred to as“priority areas”)is an important basis for strengthening the supervision of priority area protection.Based on the Human Footprint Index(HFI)method,the intensity and spatiotemporal variation characteristics of human activities in priority areas of China land were quantitatively analyzed.The results showed that:1)The average HFI of 32 priority areas was 4.51(lower than the average HFI 6.19 of China land),and the proportion of land with HFI less than 4 accounted for 53.25%of its total area(higher than the average value 44.94%of China land)in 2020,indicating that priority areas have a protective effect on biodiversity.2)Population pressure is the most significant pressure in priority areas.The average changes in HFI in priority areas were-0.08 and 0.23 respectively in the two periods from 2000 to 2010 and from 2010 to 2020.The average growth of HFI in priority areas was higher than both the first period and China land in the second period,with population pressure growing the fastest.3)After the delineation of priority areas,the natural ecological environment in some areas continued to improve(increased by 8.03%),but the proportion of degraded and significantly degraded land areas increased even more(increased by 13.68%).Human activities in the natural ecological environment of larger areas were increasing,and the threat to biodiversity was increasing.This indicates that the ecological protection effect has not been fully reflected after the delineation of priority areas.We should pay attention to the ecological protection effect.The research results can provide a scientific reference for the conservation of biodiversity,the rational regulation of human activities,and the strengthening of conservation supervision in priority areas.

关 键 词：生物多样性保护优先区域 人类足迹指数 人口密度 土地利用 夜间灯光 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学]