云南省山区农村生活污水治理与生态修复对策  

Strategies for rural domestic sewage treatment and ecological restoration in mountainous areas of Yunnan Province

作　　者：高丽 韩彰 吕维先[3] 欧斌 凌祯 GAO Li;HAN Zhang;LV Wei-xian;OU Bin;LING Zhen(College of Architecture and Civil Engineering,Kunming University,Kunming 650214,China;College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Yunnan Construction Investment Lincang Construction Co.,Ltd.,Lincang 677000,China;College of Water Conservancy,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明学院建筑工程学院,云南昆明650214 [2]河海大学水利水电学院,江苏南京210098 [3]云南建投临沧建设有限公司,云南临沧677000 [4]云南农业大学水利学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《环境生态学》2025年第1期83-88,182,共7页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2023J0823);云南省地方本科高校基础研究联合专项资金项目(202301BA070001-131);云南省基础研究计划项目(202401CF070006);昆明学院人才引进项目(XJ20230089);教育部2023年产学合作协同育人项目(231000340134408);国家自然科学基金项目(52069029,52369026)资助。

摘　　要：为了探讨云南省农村生活污水治理与生态恢复的有效策略,以玉溪市红塔区农村人居环境提升工程中的流域治理与生态恢复为例。通过分析该项目采用的雨污分流与分散式处理系统、湿地景观与河道生态恢复结合的方式,以及示范村庄建设和PPP模式的应用,揭示了其在农村污水治理、生态系统修复及项目管理上的创新点。研究结果表明,化学需氧量(COD_(Cr))浓度从40 mg/L下降至15 mg/L,氨氮从6.5 mg/L降至2 mg/L,总磷从1.4 mg/L降至0.4 mg/L;此外,Shannon多样性指数由1.5提升至3.2。工程显著改善了区域生态环境,提升了居民生活质量,尤其在水质改善和生物多样性恢复方面效果显著。然而,项目实施过程中也面临技术难题和资金管理等问题。基于此,本研究提出了针对性建议,认为该工程为农村流域治理提供了可借鉴的创新模式,对其他地区类似工程具有参考价值。To explore effective strategies for rural domestic sewage treatment and ecological restoration in Yunnan Province,this study takes the watershed management and ecological restoration in the Rural Living Environment Improvement Project of Hongta District,Yuxi City,as a case study.By analyzing the project s adoption of rainwater-sewage separation and decentralized treatment systems,integration of wetland landscapes with river ecological restoration,and the application of demonstration village construction and PPP models,this study reveals the project s innovations in rural sewage treatment,ecosystem restoration,and project management.The results show that the chemical oxygen demand(COD _(Cr))concentration decreased from 40 mg/L to 15 mg/L,ammonia nitrogen reduced from 6.5 mg/L to 2 mg/L,and total phosphorus declined from 1.4 mg/L to 0.4 mg/L.Additionally,the Shannon diversity index increased from 1.5 to 3.2,indicating significant improvements in regional ecological health and biodiversity.The project notably enhanced the ecological environment and the quality of life for residents,especially in terms of water quality improvement and biodiversity restoration.However,challenges such as technical difficulties and financial management issues were encountered during implementation.Based on these findings,this study provides targeted recommendations and suggests that the project serves as an innovative model for rural watershed management,offering valuable insights for similar initiatives in other regions.

关 键 词：雨污分流 分散式处理 生态恢复 农村生活污水 PPP模式管理 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]