基于eDNA方法的不同环境样本底栖动物监测研究  

The study of macroinvertebrates detetion based on eDNA method from different environmental samples

作　　者：邹丽珍[1] 崔利峰[1] 钟国龙 陈梦云 吴亚伦 ZOU Li-zhen;CUI Li-feng;ZHONG Guo-long;CHEN Meng-yun;WU Ya-lun(Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian Province,Fuzhou 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省淡水水产研究所,福建福州350002

出　　处：《环境生态学》2025年第1期101-107,共7页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：公益类科研院所专项项目(2022R1014001)资助。

摘　　要：为探究不同环境样本类型eDNA对底栖动物检测结果的异同,完善eDNA技术在底栖动物监测的应用,2023—2024年4次在建瓯建溪采集表层、底层水体和沉积物环境样本eDNA进行底栖动物检测,共注释到1861个OTUs,隶属于6门9纲25目88科460属941种,其中共有科45科,共有属133属,共有种193种,沉积物环境样本获得的序列数和物种数均大于水体样本;沉积物环境样本的香农-维纳多样性指数大于水体样本;表层和底层水体群落结构差异不显著(p>0.05),但与沉积物样本差异极显著(p<0.01);LEfSe分析获得了春、夏、秋、冬四季的生物标识属,生物标识存在季节差异。沉积物环境样本虽能检测到更多的物种,但不能覆盖水体样本,建议同时采集水体样本和沉积物样本并覆盖春、夏、秋、冬四季。In order to study the difference among different environmental samples and improve the application of eDNA technology in macroinvertebrate monitoring,four surveys had been conducted to explore the macroinvertebrate by sampling in waters(surface waters and bottom waters)and sediments from 2023 to 2024 in JianXi river.The results showed that a total of 1861 OTUs,941 species,460 genus,88 families,25 orders,9 classes,6 phylums had been detected,among which 45 families,133 genus and 193 species had been observed in each type of environmental samples.The sediment samples obtained more sequences and taxa than water samples,and the value of Shannon index also greater than water samples.There was no significant difference between the water samples(p>0.05),but a significant difference was found between water samples and sediment samples(p<0.01).Seasonal differences in biomarkers was found by linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEfSe).Sediment samples detected more taxa,but could not fully cover the water-sample taxa,so we suggest a meanwhile sampling of waters and sediments in spring,summer,autumn and winter.

关 键 词：环境样本类型 EDNA 底栖动物 建溪 

分 类 号：X835[环境科学与工程—环境工程]