公平与资源双约束下地方政府何以改善弱者福利——基于服务类社会救助的多案例研究  

How Can Local Governments Improve the Welfare of the Weak under the Dual Constraints of Equity and Resources:Multi-Case Studies of Service-Oriented Social Assistance

作　　者：郭忠兴[1] 王彬[1] GUO Zhongxing;WANG Bin(School of Public Administration,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学公共管理学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《求实》2025年第1期60-77,M0005,共19页Truth Seeking

摘　　要：社会救助作为帮扶弱者的基础性制度安排,在执行过程中面临着维护公平与资源短缺的双重约束。如何在双约束下追求弱者福利最大化是社会救助高质量发展亟待解决的难题。基于弱者福利最大化理念,结合分配正义原则与整体性治理理论,构建双约束下地方政府改善弱者福利的解释框架,并深入剖析多地服务类社会救助创新案例。研究发现:在服务类社会救助探索中,地方政府根据公平与效率的差异作用组合,形成了公平优先型、效率优先型、同步提高型等3种发展路径。分层分类与整体智治是双约束下地方政府改善弱者福利的重要机制。在此过程中,通过以线分层满足底线福利需求、以层分类实现边际效用趋近,保障阶层间公平与阶层内公平;通过数字赋能降低供需双方交易成本、圈层动员整合多元救助力量、标准建设规范公权力与兼顾私诉求,实现有限政府与有限目标。As a basic institutional arrangement to help the weak,social assistance is faced with the dual constraints of equity and resource shortage in the process of implementation.How to maximize the welfare of the weak under the dual constraints is a problem that needs to be solved for the highquality development of social assistance.Based on the concept of welfare maximization for the weak,and combining the principle of distributive justice and the theory of holistic governance,the study constructs an explanatory framework for local governments to improve the welfare of the weak under the dual constraints,and analyzes cases of service-oriented social assistance innovations in many places.The study finds that in the exploration of service-oriented social assistance,local governments have formed three development paths,including equity-prioritized path,efficiency-prioritized path,and synchronized improvement path,according to the different combinations of the roles of equity and efficiency.Hierarchical categorization and holistic smart governance are important mechanisms for local governments to improve the welfare of the weak under the dual constraints.In this process,interclass and intra-class equity are ensured through stratification to meet the basic welfare needs and classification to achieve marginal utility convergence;limited government and limited goals are achieved through digital empowerment to reduce the transaction costs of both supply and demand,spheres mobilization to integrate diversified forces,and standard construction to regulate the public power and take into account the private demands.

关 键 词：社会保障 社会救助 弱者福利最大化 分配正义 整体智治 整体性治理 公平约束 资源约束 

分 类 号：C913.7[经济管理] D035[社会学]