权力的资源网络:当代国家能力与乡村治理绩效——基于江苏省镇江市丹徒区H村的考察  

Resource Networks of Power:Contemporary State Capacity and Rural Governance Performance--Based on a Study in Village H,Dantu District,Zhenjiang,Jiangsu Province

作　　者：黄杰 吴文旭 HUANG Jie;WU Wenxu(School of Government,Nanjing University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学政府管理学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《求实》2025年第1期91-108,M0006,共19页Truth Seeking

摘　　要：农村税费改革后,在国家能力的全面作用下,乡村治理格局发生了极大变化。国家主导下的乡村治理项目资源愈发丰富、权力体系逐步规范,但治理绩效却并未得到“理想”提升,反而在一定程度上催生了基层的形式主义、官僚主义、负担过重等弊端。简言之,在象征国家能力的国家正式资源及其配套权力的双重建构下,乡村治理绩效逐渐趋于边际递减。本研究结合对江苏省镇江市丹徒区H村的田野调查,从正式资源供给与正式权力嵌入两个维度解构国家能力。当代国家能力不仅推动形成了总体过密式乡村治理格局,而且进一步重塑了国家基层政权与乡村社会的互动关系。后税费时代,国家几乎丧失了整合乡村社会长期赖以凭借的非正式文化网络或权威性资源,转而依靠正式的配置性资源输入及其配套权力嵌入即“权力的资源网络”,来维持对乡村的全面整合,以实现现代国家治理任务。在“权力的资源网络”影响下,乡村治理赖以凭借的国家正式资源就会出现非正常耗散,体现为分利团体蚕食、过度投入陷阱和代理经营不善;国家正式权力也将趋于工具化运作,体现为形式制度能力、向上行政困境和管制复杂循环。这为理解当代乡村治理中国家能力的影响提供了新的理论视角。After the rural tax reform,the rural governance has changed dramatically under the comprehensive role of state capacity.While the resources of the state-led rural governance programs have become more abundant and the power system has been gradually standardized,the performance of governance has not been"ideally"improved;instead,to a certain extent,it has given rise to formalism,bureaucracy,overburdening and other shortcomings at the primary level.In short,under the dual construction of the formal resources of the state,which symbolizes the capacity of the state,and its supporting power,the performance of rural governance tends to diminish marginal returns.Based on the field survey of Village H in Dantu District,Zhenjiang,Jiangsu Province,this study deconstructs state capacity from the dimensions of formal resource provision and formal power embedding.Contemporary state capacity has not only contributed to the formation of rural governance involution,but also further reshaped the interaction between the state and rural society.In the post-agricultural tax era,the state has almost lost the informal cultural network or authoritative resources on which it has long relied to integrate the rural society,and has instead relied on the formal input of allocative resources and its accompanying power embedding,i.e.,the"resource networks of power"to maintain comprehensive integration of the countryside in order to realize the task of modern state governance.Under the influence of the"resource networks of power",the formal resources of the state on which rural governance relies will be abnormally dissipated,as evidenced by the encroachment of profit-sharing groups,the trap of over-investment,and the mismanagement of agents;and the formal power of the state will tend to operate in an instrumentalized manner,as evidenced by the formal institutional capacity,the upward administrative dilemma and the complex cycle of control.This provides a new theoretical perspective for understanding the impact of state capacity in contemporary

关 键 词：国家能力 乡村治理 权力的资源网络 治理绩效 正式资源供给 正式权力 

分 类 号：D035.5[政治法律—政治学] D63