怀柔科学城科研人员唾液皮质醇、职业紧张、职业倦怠现状及关系分析  

Study on status and relationship between salivary cortisol,occupational stress,and burnout among researchers in Huairou Science City

作　　者：魏志权[1] 张建国[1] 孙利文[1] 王鑫[2] WEI Zhiquan;ZHANG Jianguo;SUN Liwen;WANG Xin(Huairou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 101400,China;National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市怀柔区疾病预防控制中心,北京101400 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2024年第6期705-710,715,共7页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

基　　金：职业健康关键技术平台建设与运行(102393240020090000003)。

摘　　要：目的了解怀柔科学城科研人员心理健康现状,分析其唾液皮质醇(cortisol,COR)、职业紧张、职业倦怠对抑郁的影响及作用路径。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,于2023年7—9月,以怀柔区科学城420名科研人员为调查对象,采用相关问卷对其职业紧张、职业倦怠、抑郁情况进行调查,同时测定其唾液皮质醇水平。应用Amos 26.0软件构建链式中介模型,验证唾液皮质醇、职业紧张、职业倦怠对抑郁的路径效应,使用bootstrap法对中介效应进行验证。结果回收有效问卷414份,有效率98.57%。414科研人员唾液COR的浓度中位数为12.57 nmol/L。职业紧张检出率为38.89%(161/414),高度职业倦怠检出率为30.19%(125/414),抑郁检出率为21.50%(89/414)。月薪9000元以下、周工作时长>40 h、30~40岁人员唾液COR水平更高(均P<0.05);≤30岁、大学本科学历、已婚或同居、月薪9000元以下、周工作时长>40 h的人员职业倦怠程度较高(均P<0.05);31~40岁、博士、周工作时长>40 h、月薪9000元以下的人员职业紧张程度较高(均P<0.05);年龄≤30岁、大学本科及以下、硕士、月薪9000元以下、周工作时长>40 h人员抑郁得分较高(均P<0.05)。中介效应模型结果显示:职业紧张对抑郁无直接预测作用,而是通过两条路径的间接作用影响抑郁:职业紧张→唾液COR→抑郁,以及职业紧张→唾液COR→职业倦怠→抑郁,两路径的效应量分别为80.80%、10.40%。结论怀柔科学城科研人员职业紧张、职业倦怠和抑郁情况不容忽视。职业紧张对抑郁的影响主要通过中介变量实现。管理者应采取必要措施,降低职业倦怠,以减少抑郁情绪的发生;应更加重视唾液COR等生理指标在中介效应中的作用,以全面理解职业紧张对心理健康的影响机制。Objective To investigate the mental health status of researchers in Huairou Science City and to analyze the impact and pathways of salivary cortisol(COR),occupational stress,and burnout on depression.Methods From July to September 2023,420 researchers in Huairou Science City were selected as study subjects by a cluster random sampling method.Their occupational stress,burnout,and depression were surveyed with questionnaires,while salivary cortisol concentrations were measured.Amos 26.0 software was used to construct a chain mediation model to verify the pathway effects of salivary cortisol,occupational stress,and burnout on depression,and the bootstrap method was used to verify mediation effects.Results A total of 414 valid questionnaires were collected,with a response rate of 98.57%.The median concentration of salivary COR among the 414 researchers was 12.57 nmol/L.The rate of occupational stress was 38.89%(161/414),the rate of high occupational burnout was 30.19%(125/414),and the rate of depression was 21.50%(89/414).The researchers with a monthly salary below 9000 RMB,or weekly working hours longer than 40 hours,or aged 30-40years,had higher salivary COR concentrations(all P<0.05);the researchers aged≤30 years,or with bachelor's degrees,or married/cohabiting,or with a monthly salary below 9000 RMB,or with weekly working hours longer than 40hours had higher levels of occupational burnout(all P<0.05);The researchers aged 31-40 years,or with a doctorate,or with weekly working hours longer than 40 hours,or with a monthly salary below 9000 RMB,had higher levels of occupational stress(all P<0.05);the researchers those aged≤30 years,or with a master's degree and lower,or with a monthly salary below 9000 RMB,or with weekly working hours longer than 40 hours had higher depression scores(all P<0.05).Mediation model results showed that occupational stress had no direct predictive effect on depression but influenced depression indirectly through two pathways:occupational stress→salivary COR→depression and occupatio

关 键 词：科研人员 职业倦怠 职业紧张 抑郁情绪 唾液皮质醇 中介效应 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]