某大型电子制造企业劳动者下肢工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患及其影响因素分析  

Study on lower limb work-related musculoskeletal disorders and influencing factors among workers in a large-scale electronics manufacturing enterprise

作　　者：王晓娜[1] 沈波[1] 许旭艳[1] 刘佩芳 王忠旭[2] 贾宁[2] WANG Xiaona;SHEN Bo;XU Xuyan;LIU Peifang;WANG Zhongxu;JIA Ning(Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Fuzhou,Fujian 350200,China;National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]福州市疾病预防控制中心,福建福州350200 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2024年第6期723-728,共6页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

基　　金：中国疾控中心职业卫生所职业健康风险评估与国家职业卫生标准制定项目(131031109000160004);福建省自然科学基金项目(2020J01915);福建省医学创新课题(2020CXB039);福州市卫生健康科研创新团队培育项目(2020-S-wt9)。

摘　　要：目的调查电子制造企业劳动者下肢部位工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders WMSDs)发生情况并探讨其影响因素,为预防和控制该行业劳动者下肢WMSDs发生提供科学依据。方法2022年3—6月选取福州市某大型电子设备制造企业全部一线作业工人作为研究对象,采用《中文版肌肉骨骼疾患问卷》调查研究下肢WMSDs检出情况,运用logistic回归方法分析其影响因素。结果本次研究共调查2997人,收回有效问卷2765份,有效率92.3%。该人群中下肢WMSDs检出率为13.9%(385/2765),其中腿部为7.0%(195/2765)、膝部为6.4%(176/2765)、足踝部为8.9%(247/2765)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:相对于工龄<5年、从不/有时长时间站立工作、从不/有时以不舒服姿势工作、工作时无下肢及足踝经常反复做同一动作、无经常加班情况的劳动者,10年及以上工龄、经常/很频繁长时间站立工作、经常/很频繁以不舒服姿势工作、工作时下肢及足踝经常反复做同一动作、经常加班的劳动者下肢WMSDs发生风险更高[OR=1.506(95%CI:1.064~2.130)、2.058(95%CI:1.535~2.758)、1.784(95%CI:1.279~2.487)、1.776(95%CI:1.373~2.297)、1.430(95%CI:1.064~1.922)];而相对于休息时间充足的劳动者,休息时间不足的劳动者下肢WMSDs发生风险低至0.488倍(95%CI:0.379~0.628);以上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论电子制造业劳动者下肢WMSDs的发生受个体因素、工效学因素、工作组织等多种因素影响,应采取综合性的预防和干预措施,延缓和减少电子制造业劳动者下肢部位WMSDs的发生。Objective To investigate the occurrence of lower limb work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)of workers in electronics manufacturing enterprises and to explore the influencing factors,providing scientific evidence for the prevention and control of lower limb WMSDs among these workers.Methods From March to June 2022,all frontline workers in a large electronics equipment manufacturing enterprise in Fuzhou City were selected as the study subjects,and the“Chinese Version of the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire”was used to investigate and study the detection situation of WMSDs in the lower limbs,and logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors.Results A total of 2997 workers were surveyed,and 2765 valid questionnaires were collected with an effective rate of 92.3%.The occurrence rate of lower limb WMSDs in this population was 13.9%(385/2765),with 7.0%(195/2765)in the legs,6.4%(176/2765)in the knees,and 8.9%(247/2765)in the feet and ankles.The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that,compared with workers with<5 years of service time,never or sometimes stood for long periods,never or sometimes worked in uncomfortable postures,not performing repetitive movements of the lower limbs and ankles during work,and not frequently work overtime,workers with 10 years or more of service time,often or very frequently stood for long periods,often or very frequently worked in uncomfortable postures,performing the same movement of the lower limbs and ankles frequently and repeatedly at work,frequently worked overtime had a higher detection rate of lower limb WMSDs[OR=1.506(95%CI:1.064 to 2.130),OR=2.058(95%CI:1.535 to 2.758),OR=1.784(95%CI:1.279 to 2.487),OR=1.776(95%CI:1.373 to 2.297),OR=1.430(95%CI:1.064 to 1.922)];whereas compared with workers who had enough rest time,those who had insufficient rest time had a lower detection rate of lower limb WMSDs,reduced to 0.488 times(OR=0.488,95%CI:0.379 to 0.628);all these differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).C

关 键 词：电子制造业 下肢 工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患 工效学 工作组织 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]