国土空间规划环境影响评价的理论方法和应用  

Theoretical basis and application of environmental impact assessment for territorial spatial planning

作　　者：冯翰林 林宇渊 杨厚邦 李银金 孙希宁 任小玉[2] 王立成 FENG Hanlin;LIN Yuyuan;YANG Houbang;LI Yinjin;SUN Xining;REN Xiaoyu;WANG Licheng(Shandong Zongheng Dezhi Environmental Consulting Co.,Ltd.;Environmental Science Academy of Hainan Province;Shandong Normal University;Shandong Provincial Construction Project Environmental Assessment Service Center)

机构地区：[1]山东纵横德智环境咨询有限公司 [2]海南省环境科学研究院 [3]山东师范大学 [4]山东省建设项目环境评审服务中心

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2025年第1期71-80,共10页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

摘　　要：国土空间规划作为新时期开展国土空间治理的新型空间类规划,在开展规划环评时需要在基础理论和技术方面创新应用。在现有规划环评理论方法基础上,对国土空间规划资源环境承载力评价理论、国土空间规划空间关系理论进行了优化和补充,明确了开展国土空间规划环评的必要性。提出了国土空间规划环评的技术框架,在构建国土空间规划环评指标体系方面应用“压力-状态-响应”模型,用于衔接国土空间规划体系和生态环境源头防控体系;在不同空间尺度上建立了空间适应性评价方法,用于解决空间单元和生态环境管控分区冲突问题;给出生态环境源头防控、跟踪监测、执法督察等管理制度衔接国土空间规划编制、实施、评估全过程的主要路径。结合海南省部分市县国土空间规划环评案例,阐述了国土空间规划环评技术框架在不同类型城市国土空间规划环评过程中的应用特点,强调了建立部门间互动交流的工作机制和规范评价技术方法是做好国土空间规划环评的重要基础。As a new type of spatial planning to carry out territorial space governance in the new era,territorial spatial planning requires innovation and application of basic theories and technologies when carrying out planning environmental impact assessment(EIA).On the basis of the existing planning EIA theories and methods,we optimized and supplemented the assessment theory of resources and environment carrying capacity and the spatial relation theory of territorial spatial planning,and clarified the necessity of carrying out EIA of territorial spatial planning.The technical framework of EIA for territorial spatial planning was proposed,and the"pressure-stateresponse"model was innovatively applied in constructing the index system of EIA for territorial spatial planning,which was used to link the territorial spatial planning system with the ecological environment source prevention and control system.The spatial adaptability evaluation method was established on different spatial scales to solve the conflict between spatial units and ecological environment control zones.The main path for connecting the management system of ecological environment source prevention and control,tracking and monitoring,and law enforcement supervision to the whole process of territorial spatial planning,implementation and evaluation was provided.Based on the case study of some cities and counties in Hainan Province,we expounded the application characteristics of the technical framework of territorial spatial planning EIA in the territorial spatial planning EIA process of different types of cities.It was emphasized that the establishment of the working mechanism of interdepartmental interaction and standardized evaluation techniques were the important basis for a good territorial spatial planning EIA.

关 键 词：国土空间规划 规划环评 生态环境分区管控 资源环境承载力 技术框架 PSR模型 

分 类 号：X32[环境科学与工程—环境工程]