半干旱山区河流融雪期主要水环境因子变化特征及驱动机制研究  

Variation characteristics and driving mechanisms of main water environmental factors of rivers in semi-arid mountainous regions during the snow melting period

作　　者：裴志远 江燕[3] 李赟 王伟 李博睿 沈彦军[4] 裴宏伟[1,2] PEI Zhiyuan;JIANG Yan;LI Yun;WANG Wei;LI Borui;SHEN Yanjun;PEI Hongwei(Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering,Hebei University of Architecture;Hebei Key Laboratory of Water Quality Engineering and Comprehensive Utilization of Water Resources;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences;Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences)

机构地区：[1]河北建筑工程学院市政与环境工程系 [2]河北省水质工程与水资源综合利用重点实验室 [3]中国科学院生态环境研究中心 [4]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2025年第1期120-129,共10页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(22377001D);河北省教育厅科技类重点项目(ZD2022015);河北省科技厅外专引智项目;中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(246Z3612G);河北建筑工程学院研究生创新基金项目(XY2023084,XY202403)。

摘　　要：为探究河流融雪期内氮磷等物质的时空分布特征,于2023年对永定河支流清水河6个典型监测断面进行融雪期前后的连续水环境监测。测定的主要水环境指标包括总氮(TN)、硝态氮(NO_(3)^(−)-N)、亚硝态氮(NO_(2)^(−)N)、氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、总有机氮(TON)、总磷(TP)、总溶解磷(TDP)、颗粒态磷(PP)、化学需氧量(COD)、总固体悬浮物(TSS)。结果表明:河流中氮类营养盐的组成比例存在季节性变化,融雪期径流中TON浓度平均占TN浓度的69%,NO_(3)^(−)N、NH_(4)^(+)-N和NO_(2)^(−)-N的平均占比依次为28%、2%和0.46%;在融雪期,TON浓度呈现出沿河流方向逐渐升高的趋势,NO_(3)^(−)-N则表现为沿河流方向逐渐降低;进入平水期后上述趋势会出现反转,即NO_(3)^(−)-N浓度沿河流方向逐渐升高,TON浓度沿河流方向降低。磷类物质的浓度在融雪期的波动较为剧烈,各断面极值比平均为5.9,最高可达14.0,各断面峰值浓度均优于GB3838-2002《国家地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类水质标准。融雪期COD升高幅度最高可达213.6%;在融雪前期,除崇礼南断面外,其余各断面COD峰值均超过地表水Ⅲ类水质标准,且较高的COD会持续2周左右;融雪后期各断面COD优于地表水Ⅲ类水质标准。在融雪前期,冬季积累污染物的释放与消耗是导致各类物质浓度波动的主要原因,在融雪中后期,温度是驱动含氮物质发生浓度波动的主要原因,COD和磷浓度受到产水过程的影响。Continuous water environment monitoring was conducted at six representative monitoring sites in 2023 in the Qingshui River,a tributary of the Yongding River,to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of nitrogen,phosphorus and other substances during the river snowmelt season.The primary water environmental indicators measured included total nitrogen(TN),nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(−)N),nitrite nitrogen(NO_(2)^(−)N),ammonia nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N),total organic nitrogen(TON),total phosphorus(TP),total dissolved phosphorus(TDP),particulate phosphorus(PP),chemical oxygen demand(COD),and total suspended solids(TSS).The findings indicated that the proportion of nitrogen-based nutrients in rivers exhibited distinct seasonal variations.During the snow melting period,the average TON concentration in runoff constituted 69%of the TN concentration,with the average proportions of NO_(3)^(−)-N,NH_(4)^(+)-N,and NO_(2)^(−)-N at 28%,2%,and 0.46%,respectively.During the snow melting phase,the TON concentration increased along the river's flow,whereas the NO_(3)^(−)-N concentration gradually decreased.However,upon entering the level period,this pattern reversed,revealing a gradual increase in the NO_(3)^(−)-N concentration and a concomitant reduction in the TON concentration as the river progresses.The concentration of phosphorus substances varied significantly during the snow melting period,with an average peak-to-trough ratio of 5.9,and a maximum increase of up to 14.0 folds.The peak concentration across all sections complied with the ClassⅢstandard of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water(GB 3838-2002).The concentration of COD during snow melting increased by as much as 213.6%.During the early stage of snow melting,the peak concentration of all sections,excluding Chongli South Section,exceeded the ClassⅢstandard and had high COD values that persisted for approximately two weeks;during the late snow melting period,the COD values decreased and could comply with the ClassⅢstandard.D

关 键 词：融雪期 营养盐 季节性变化 时空分布 氮磷 清水河 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]