人工湖早期水体和沉积物中微生物分布的关键驱动因子研究  

Research on key driving factors of microbial distribution in early water and sediments of artificial lake

作　　者：顾晓丽 乔启成 余永昌 李欣 龙锡恩 闫生荣 GU Xiaoli;QIAO Qicheng;YU Yongchang;LI Xin;LONG Xi'en;YAN Shengrong(Nantong Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center;School of Environment and Biological Engineering,Nantong College of Science and Technology;Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Prevention Technology and Equipment;School of Geographical Science,Nantong University)

机构地区：[1]南通市生态环境监控中心 [2]南通科技职业学院环境与生物工程学院 [3]江苏省农村农业污染防治技术与设备工程研究中心 [4]南通大学地理科学学院

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2025年第1期130-140,共11页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：南通市科技计划项目(MS22022120,MSZ2022176)。

摘　　要：湖泊水体和沉积物中细菌群落组成及其功能对城市湖泊物质循环和环境健康具有重要意义,以紫琅湖水体和沉积物为对象,秋季在湖区设置13个采样点(S01~S13)采集水样(WS+采样点序号),同时采集6个点的沉积物(SS+采样点序号),分析微生物群落特征及其驱动因子,并基于Tax4Fun预测细菌群落的代谢功能。结果表明,水体和沉积物细菌群落组成有显著差异,沉积物细菌多样性指数均高于水体,且优势门(相对丰度>5%)在沉积物中为7个,而水体中仅有4个;由于S08号采样点深度较浅,沉积物少,WS08和SS08中细菌群落构成及其功能均显著区别于其他采样点。影响水体细菌群落组成的关键环境因子为易利用性磷(AP)、pH和电导率,而沉积物中显著环境因子为AP、总有机碳和pH。细菌代谢功能分析表明氨基酸代谢和碳水化合物代谢是本研究湖泊生态中细菌的主要功能,且水体中二者相对丰度高于沉积物,但二者的差别小于沉积物。研究结果有助于了解城市人工湖泊早期水体和沉积物中细菌分布现状及其功能,为城市湖泊富营养预警和环境监测提供理论依据。The composition and function of bacterial communities in lake water and sediments are of significant importance for material cycling and environmental health in urban lakes.We focused on the water and sediment of Zilang Lake.Thirteen sampling points(S01-S13)were set up in the lake area to collect water samples(WS)and sediment samples(SS)from six points in autumn.Characteristics of microbial communities and their driving factors were analyzed and metabolic functions of bacterial communities were predicted based on Tax4Fun.The results showed significant differences in the composition of bacterial communities between water and sediment.Bacterial diversity indices in sediment were higher than in water,with seven dominant phyla(relative abundance>5%)in sediment compared to four in water.Additionally,due to the shallow depth and limited sediment at sampling point 8,the bacterial community composition and functions in both WS08 and SS08 samples were significantly different from other sampling points.Key environmental factors influencing bacterial community composition in water were available phosphorus(AP),pH,and electrical conductivity(EC),while in sediment,significant environmental factors were AP,total organic carbon(TOC),and pH.Metabolic functional analysis of bacteria indicated that amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism were the main functions in the lake ecosystem.Furthermore,their relative abundances in water were higher than in sediment,although the difference was smaller compared to sediment.The results of this study contribute to understanding the current distribution and function of bacteria in early-stage urban artificial lake water and sediment,providing a theoretical basis for nutrient enrichment warning and environmental monitoring in urban lakes.

关 键 词：人工湖 沉积物 群落结构 环境因子 微生物 富营养化 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]