湖泊河蟹养殖对环境因子及水生生物群落的影响——以阳澄湖为例  

Effect of lake crab aquaculture on environmental factors and aquatic communities:a case study of Yangcheng Lake

作　　者：陶艳茹 董稳静 庞燕[1] 许秋瑾[1] TAO Yanru;DONG Wenjing;PANG Yan;XU Qiujin(National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences)

机构地区：[1]湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室,国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室,中国环境科学研究院

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2025年第1期141-149,共9页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3204105)。

摘　　要：阳澄湖是重要的中华绒螯蟹养殖基地。为了解湖泊养殖对环境因子和多营养级水生生物群落的影响,于2023年2月、5月、8月和11月采样,对比阳澄湖养殖区和非养殖区间水样、底泥、浮游植物、浮游动物和底栖动物的差异,并进一步分析环境因子与水生生物群落的关系。结果表明,与非养殖区相比,养殖区水环境叶绿素a(Chla)浓度较高,总氮、总磷浓度较低,底泥TN、TP、TOC含量无显著差异。养殖区浮游植物、浮游动物的生物多样性和非养殖区无显著差异,但底栖动物的生物多样性高于非养殖区。冗余分析显示,水环境中的温度、溶解氧、总溶解性固体物质、透明度会影响底栖动物生物多样性,此外,养殖区水环境中的Chla浓度与底栖动物生物多样性呈正相关关系。研究显示,阳澄湖中华绒螯蟹养殖未加剧水体和底泥的营养盐污染,但是养殖区水体Chla的控制问题需引起重点关注。Yangcheng Lake serves as a significant breeding base for Eriocheir sinensis.In order to understand the effects of lake aquaculture on the environmental factors and multitrophic aquatic communities,the differences in water,sediment,phytoplankton,zooplankton,and benthic between the aquaculture and non-aquaculture areas of Yangcheng Lake in February,May,August,and November of 2023 were analyzed.The relationship between environmental factors and aquatic communities was further investigated.The results showed that the concentration of Chla in aquaculture areas was higher compared with non-aquaculture areas,while the concentrations of TN and TP were lower.There was no significant difference in the content of TN_(S),TP_(S) and TOC in the sediment between aquaculture and non-aquaculture areas.The biodiversity of benthic in aquaculture areas was higher than that in nonaquaculture areas,and there was no significant difference in the biodiversity of phytoplankton and zooplankton between aquaculture and non-aquaculture areas.Redundancy analysis demonstrated that the biodiversity of benthic was mainly related to water temperature,dissolved oxygen,total dissolved solids,and transparency in the environment,and the biodiversity of benthic in aquaculture areas was positively correlated with Chla additionally.The research shows that Eriocheir sinensi breeding in Yangcheng Lake has not exacerbated nutrient pollution in the water and sediment.Nonetheless,there is a need to focus on Chla control in Eriocheir sinensis breeding.

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹 养殖 水生生物 环境因子 阳澄湖 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]