污水处理厂再生水排放及回用的环境与生态影响研究进展  

Research progress on environmental and ecological impacts of wastewater treatment plant reclaimed water discharge and reuse

作　　者：刘小芳 沈剑[1,2,3] 殷雪梅 封吉猛 王欣泽 LIU Xiaofang;SHEN Jian;YIN Xuemei;FENG Jimeng;WANG Xinze(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University;National Observation and Research Station of Erhai Lake Ecosystem in Yunnan;Yunnan Dali Research Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University;Chengjiang Ecological Environment Monitoring Station,Yuxi Ecological and Environment Bureau)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学环境科学与工程学院 [2]云南洱海湖泊生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站 [3]上海交通大学云南(大理)研究院 [4]玉溪市生态环境局澄江分局生态环境监测站

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2025年第1期249-258,共10页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700400)。

摘　　要：污水处理厂再生水是宝贵的水资源,再生水回用既可以缓解水资源短缺问题,又能提高水资源利用率。虽然污水处理厂再生水可以达到相关水质标准,但仍含有较多的营养物质、盐分、有机物和重金属,是河湖水体的重要污染源,并通过补给河湖水体及农业灌溉途径对生态环境和人体健康构成潜在风险。综述了污水处理厂再生水回用于河湖生态补水以及农业灌溉场景下,对河流水环境、水生态、土壤理化性质、土壤微生物群落、农作物产量和品质的影响,结果显示:1)再生水回补河流能够改善河流水环境质量并提高水体的自净能力;2)再生水灌溉能够有效减少肥料的施用量并增加土壤养分,提高土壤肥力;3)长期再生水灌溉能够增加土壤微生物生物量和活性,并改变微生物群落的结构和功能;4)再生水中富含的营养物质能够为作物提供生长所需的养分并促进作物的生长和产量,但应避免养分过量供应。在当前水资源日益短缺的背景下,再生水有很大的利用前景,但应充分评估其环境风险并采取相应预防措施从而安全高效地利用再生水。Reclaimed water from sewage treatment plants is a valuable water resource,and reclaimed water reuse can not only alleviate the problem of water shortage but also improve water resource utilization.Although the reclaimed water from sewage treatment plants can meet the relevant water quality standards,it still contains more nutrients,salts,organic matter and heavy metals,which is an important source of pollution in rivers and lakes,and poses potential risks to the ecological environment and human health through the recharge of rivers and lakes and agricultural irrigation.The effects of reclaimed water from sewage treatment plants reuse on the river water environment,water ecology,soil physical and chemical properties,soil microbial community,and crop yield and quality when it was reused for ecological water replenishment of rivers and lakes and agricultural irrigation were reviewed.The main conclusions were as follows:1)Reclaimed water replenishment in rivers could improve the quality of river water environment and enhance the self-purification capacity of water bodies.2)Reclaimed water irrigation could effectively reduce the application of fertilizer,increase soil nutrients and improve soil fertility.3)Long-term reclaimed water irrigation could increase soil microbial biomass and activity and change the structure and function of microbial communities.4)The nutrients rich in reclaimed water could provide crops with nutrients needed for growth and promote the growth and yield of crops,but excessive supply of nutrients should be avoided.In the context of the current increasing scarcity of water resources,reclaimed water had great potential for utilization,but its environmental risks should be fully assessed,and corresponding precautions should be taken to use reclaimed water safely and efficiently.

关 键 词：再生水 生态补水 农业灌溉 微生物群落 农作物 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]