龙葵对典型酸性矿山废水重金属的处理效果研究  

Study on the treatment of heavy metals in typical acidic mine drainage by Solanum nigrum L.

作　　者：李振飞 李书钦 童立志 李继宁 雷蕾 LI Zhenfei;LI Shuqin;TONG Lizhi;LI Jining;LEI Lei(School of Environment,Nanjing Normal University;South China Institute of Environmental Science,Ministry of Ecology and Environment;Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co.,Ltd.;Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学环境学院 [2]生态环境部华南环境科学研究所 [3]中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 [4]广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所,华南土壤污染控制与修复国家地方联合工程研究中心,广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2025年第1期268-278,共11页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：广东省科学院专项资金项目(2020GDASYL-20200101002);广东省科技计划项目(2023B1212060044);金属矿山安全与健康国家重点实验室(中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司)开放课题项目(2022-JSKSSYS-05)。

摘　　要：酸性矿山废水(AMD)的pH低、重金属浓度高,是矿区生态环境的一大威胁。开展高效、可持续、环保、低成本的AMD处理技术研究十分必要。以硫铁矿(PR)和银铅矿(SL)2种典型强酸性AMD(PR-AMD、SL-AMD)为研究对象,设计龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)吸收模拟试验对AMD进行处理。通过投加氢氧化钠调节2种AMD的pH为5和7后(PR-pH5、PRpH7和SL-pH5、SL-pH7),进一步利用龙葵水培试验对重金属进行净化处理。结果表明:PR-AMD中铁和硫酸根浓度较高,但重金属污染程度较低,而SL-AMD中存在以Cd、Zn和Cu为主的多金属复合污染。2种AMD的pH调整为5后更有利于龙葵的生长,但龙葵对重金属的吸收能力受到AMD组分的显著影响。龙葵对SL-AMD中的Cd具有较高的富集和地上转移能力,但对PR-AMD中的Cd吸收后主要富集在根部。除了SL-pH5处理组水中的Cd和Zn外,其他处理组中重金属的浓度均显著低于GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中标准限值。PR-AMD中Cd的去除主要是通过龙葵吸收作用,其他重金属(Pb、Zn、Cu和As)主要通过中和沉淀作用从水中去除;而SL-AMD中重金属去除原因主要为中和沉淀作用。上述结果表明碱性中和复合龙葵深度净化方法对AMD的修复具有一定应用前景。Acid mine drainage(AMD)poses a significant environmental threat to mining areas due to its elevated heavy metal content and low pH.It is imperative to conduct research on efficient,sustainable,cost-effective,and environmentally friendly AMD treatment technologies.This study focused on two types of strong acidic AMD,namely the pyrite deposit type(PR)and Ag-Pb deposit type(SL),as experimental subjects.An absorption simulation experiment was devised with Solanum nigrum L.for the treatment of AMD.The pH of AMD was adjusted to 5 or 7(PR-pH5,PR-pH7,SL-pH5,SL-pH7)using sodium hydroxide,followed by hydroponic experiments to assess heavy metal removal.The results revealed that PR-AMD had high concentrations of Fe and sulfate but the degree of heavy metals contamination was low,while SL-AMD exhibited combined contamination of Cd,Zn,and Cu.Adjusting the pH to 5 favored Solanum nigrum L.growth,yet the AMD composition significantly influenced its ability to absorb heavy metals.Solanum nigrum L.demonstrated a remarkable capacity to accumulate and transfer Cd in SL-AMD,whereas Cd in PR-AMD was predominantly concentrated in the roots.Except for Cd in SL-pH5 treatment,heavy metal concentrations in all treatments were significantly below the limits specified in the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard(GB 8978-1996).Cd reduction in PR-AMD was primarily attributed to Solanum nigrum L.uptake,while neutralization and precipitation processes were the main mechanisms for removing Pb,Zn,Cu,and As from water in SL-AMD.In summary,the study suggested that the combination of alkaline neutralization and Solanum nigrum L.phytoremediation hold promise for AMD treatment,showcasing potential applications in addressing this environmental challenge.

关 键 词：酸性矿山废水 碱性中和 龙葵 吸收 重金属 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]