二苯醚类除草剂的残留行为及生态毒性研究进展  

Research progress on residual behavior and ecological toxicity of diphenyl ether herbicides

作　　者：李昊 杨勇 张清明 LI Hao;YANG Yong;ZHANG Qingming(College of Plant Health and Medicine,Qingdao Agricultural University)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学植物医学学院

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2025年第1期319-326,共8页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32372593,32202364)。

摘　　要：二苯醚类除草剂在农业生产中应用广泛,主要用于防除农田中多种阔叶杂草。长期应用二苯醚类除草可能对非靶标生物产生潜在的毒害风险,且该类除草剂在土壤中易被土壤胶体吸附,产生农药残留。从残留分析方法、残留行为以及生态毒性3个方面对二苯醚类除草剂的相关研究进行综述,阐述了二苯醚类除草剂对鱼类、蜜蜂、鸟类等多种非靶标生物的毒性。结果显示,二苯醚类除草剂对大多数鱼类表现为高毒,对其他非靶标生物一般表现为低毒;二苯醚类除草剂在田间的降解半衰期较短,大致为0.3~28.4 d,在不同环境条件下降解半衰期不同;列举了二苯醚类除草剂在多种作物与土壤中的残留量及我国和欧盟规定的最大残留限量。研究结果可为二苯醚类除草剂在田间的施用与科学管理提供参考。Diphenyl ether herbicides are widely used in agricultural production to control broad-leaved weeds in farmland.However,with the widespread use of diphenyl ether herbicides,they also pose potential toxic hazards to non-target organisms and are easily adsorbed by soil colloids,resulting in pesticide residues.This article comprehensively discussed the current research of diphenyl ether herbicides from three aspects,i.e.residue analysis method,residual behavior,and ecological toxicity.Moreover,it elaborated on the toxicity of diphenyl ether herbicides to various non-target organisms such as fish,bees,and birds.The results showed that diphenyl ether herbicides were highly toxic to most fish,but generally had low toxicity to other non-target organisms.The degradation half-life of diphenyl ether herbicides in the field was relatively short,ranging from approximately 0.3 to 28.4 d,and it varied under different environmental conditions.The residual levels of diphenyl ether herbicides in various crops and soils were documented,along with the maximum residue limits established by national and EU regulations.This article can provide reference for the application and scientific management of diphenyl ether herbicides in the field.

关 键 词：除草剂 非靶标生物 残留分析方法 残留行为 生态毒性 降解 

分 类 号：X503[环境科学与工程—环境工程]