市售自然铜饮片质量与重金属污染及健康风险评价  

Quality evaluation of commercial pyritum decoction pieces and heavy metals pollution and health risk assessment

作　　者：李佳 王贤书 周军 温尹 李亚楠 LI Jia;WANG Xianshu;ZHOU Jun;WEN Yin;LI Yanan(College of Pharmacy,Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550025,China;Research Center of Medicinal Physics,Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550025,China;Mineral Medicine and Resource Development Research Center,Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州中医药大学药学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州中医药大学药物物理研究中心,贵阳550025 [3]贵州中医药大学药用矿物资源与开发研究中心,贵阳550025

出　　处：《中华中医药杂志》2024年第12期6446-6453,共8页China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy

基　　金：贵州省2022年高等学校教学内容和课程体系改革项目(No.2022147);贵州中医药大学本科教学质量工程建设项目[No.贵中医教学工程合字(2022)05号];贵州中医药大学博士启动基金项目[No.贵中医博士启动(2021)15号];2022年贵州省普通本科院校创新创业教育研究课题(No.2022SCJZW12)。

摘　　要：目的:全面探讨市售自然铜饮片存在的主要问题,明确其重金属污染等级及对成人、儿童的健康风险。方法:依照《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版评价样品外观质量,测定铁(Fe)含量;采用X射线衍射仪测定物相;联合应用X射线荧光光谱仪和电感耦合等离子体质谱法技术测定其主量元素,利用单因子指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法评价其重金属污染等级,计算每日最大可耐受摄入量、靶标危害系数、危险性指数、致癌风险和总致癌风险等指标评估其健康风险。结果:10份自然铜饮片样品中有5批次样品外观质量不符合规定,2批次样品Fe含量低于规定。市售自然铜饮片主要物相为FeS_(2)、Fe_(2)O_(3)、Fe_(3)O_(4)、Fe_(7)S_(8)、SiO_(2),其重金属及有害元素平均单项污染指数为砷(As)>铅(Pb)>铜(Cu)>镉(Cd),除Cd为中度污染外,其余均为重度污染,内梅罗综合污染指数处于重度污染等级,且As具有不容忽视的健康隐患。结论:市售自然铜饮片重金属及有害元素超标严重,建议加强市场监管改善自然铜饮片质量并积极探索自然铜炮制加工新技术。Objective:To investigate issues with commercial pyritum decoction pieces,assess heavy metal contamination levels,and evaluate health risks for adults and children.Methods:The appearance quality and Fe content of the commercial pyritum decoction pieces were examined according to Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China 2020 edition.Mineral phase analysis was determined using X-ray diffractometer,while X-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry techniques were employed to determine both major and trace elements.Heavy metal pollution levels were assessed using single factor index method and Nemero comprehensive pollution index method.Health risks associated with these decoction pieces were evaluated through estimated daily intake,target hazard quotient,hazard index,carcinogenic risk,total carcinogenic risk calculations.Results:Five batches of commercial pyritum decoction pieces failed appearance quality requirements.Two sample batches had Fe content below the limit.Primary phases found were FeS_(2),Fe_(2)O_(3),Fe_(3)O_(4),Fe_(7)S_(8),and SiO_(2).Heavy metal pollution index ranked As>Pb>Cu>Cd;Cd moderately polluted while others severely polluted.The Nemerow pollution index showed high pollution,indicating health risks from As.Conclusion:The levels of heavy metals and harmful elements in the commercial pyritum decoction pieces significantly exceed the standard.In order to improve its quality and actively investigate new technologies for the processing of pyritum,it is advised to strengthen market supervision.

关 键 词：矿物药 自然铜 质量评价 重金属 有害元素 污染评价 健康风险评价 炮制 

分 类 号：R28[医药卫生—中药学]