沙区铁路道岔防风沙设计研究综述  

A Review of Wind and Sand Prevention Design Research for Railway Turnouts in Sand Areas

作　　者：丁东 王勇[2] 岳帅 井国庆[2] DING Dong;WANG Yong;YUE Shuai;JING Guoqing(School of Highway,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064,China;School of Civil Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学公路学院,西安710064 [2]北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院,北京100044

出　　处：《铁道建筑》2025年第1期38-44,共7页Railway Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52308432);中国博士后科学基金第73批面上基金(2023M730357)。

摘　　要：在荒漠地区,铁路道岔受到风沙侵蚀和掩埋的威胁,影响列车运行安全。本文系统梳理了国内外关于道岔结构优化、防沙措施、清沙技术以及智能监测技术研究的最新进展。结果表明:道岔结构优化,包括改进钢轨材料、使用新型滑床板、动态轨距调整技术以及轨枕道床结构优化,可以显著提高轨道耐磨损能力,避免道岔堵塞和道床沙化;采用通用防沙工程、道岔挡沙刷、防沙盖板等防沙措施,可以有效在沙源和传输路径进行防沙,优化道岔流场,减少沙砾堆积;引入高效的除沙机具和智能监测技术,如传感器、无人机巡检以及图像识别技术,能够实现道岔状态的实时监测、线路积沙情况监测和及时沙害处理。In desert areas,railway turnouts are threatened by wind and sand erosion and burial,which affects the safety of train operation.This article systematically reviewed the latest developments in research on turnout structure optimization,sand prevention measures,sand cleaning technology,and intelligent monitoring technology at home and abroad.The results show that optimizing the structure of turnouts,including improving rail materials,using new sliding bed plates,dynamic gauge adjustment technology,and optimizing the structure of rail sleepers and ballast beds,can significantly improve the wear resistance of tracks,avoid turnout blockages,and prevent ballast bed desertification.The use of universal sand prevention engineering,turnout sand blocking brushes,and sand cover plates and other sand prevention measures can effectively prevent sand in sand sources and transmission paths,optimize turnout flow fields,and reduce sand and gravel accumulation.Introducing efficient sand removal equipment and intelligent monitoring technology,such as sensors,unmanned aerial vehicle inspections,and image recognition technology,can achieve realtime monitoring of turnout status,monitoring of line sand accumulation,and timely sand hazard treatment.

关 键 词：沙区铁路 道岔 结构优化 防沙措施 清沙技术 智能监测 

分 类 号：U216.413[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]