利益均衡与信赖保护:论附禁转特约债权让与中“胶着状态”破除的必要性  

Balance of Interests and Protection of Reliance:On the Necessity of Breaking the“Stalemate”in Assignment of Claims with No-Transfer Special Agreement

作　　者：贾彦昊 曹廷生 Jia Yanhao;Cao Tingsheng(School of Law,Shandong University,Qingdao,Shandong 266237;Nanjing Intermediate People's Court,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210008)

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院,山东青岛266237 [2]南京市中级人民法院研究室,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《天津法学》2024年第3期26-35,共10页Tianjin Legal Science

基　　金：教育部青年社科基金项目“《<民法典>体系下夫妻身份关系协议效力研究》”阶段性成果,项目编号:22YJC820005。

摘　　要：禁转特约具备外部效力引发了诸多理论难题,“胶着状态”破除的必要性基础即为难题之一,有待法教义学展开理论阐释与规范续造。从债务人利益的保护限度来看,特约维护债务人利益的目的不能作为“胶着状态”存续的正当基础,“胶着状态”不但实质免除了债务人的给付义务与迟延责任,而且使让与人的过错程度与责任承担不相称,此种利益失衡构成对债务人与让与人的不当优待。受有抗辩之受让人虽明知特约存在,但其因特约法效不明而仍享有“终局收取债权”之期待,此种期待属法律变迁所致的合理期待,具有保护必要性。且债务人与让与人对此期待之产生具有可归责性,应当承担积极信赖保护之责以破除“胶着状态”。There are still many unresolved issues regarding the external effect of the no-transfer special agreement,and the “stalemate”between the assignor and the assignee,who are unable to collect their claims,is a case in point.The purpose of preserving the debtor's economic interests and the benefits of set-off built into the special agreement is not a justifiable basis for the survival of the“stalemate”.A shift in perspective among the three parties involved in the special contract shows that the existence of a“stalematet”not only relieves the debtor of the need to treat payment in the absence of absolute justification and blocks the debtor's liability for delay in performance;it also relieves the assignor of the need to be liable for defects or breach of contract to the assignee after obtaining the full amount of the consideration.The existence of a“stalemate”constitutes an undue preference between the debtor and the assignor.An assignee subject to a defence has an expectation of “final collection of the claim”in respect of a“contract of uncertain legal effect”which is reasonable in light of the provisions of the law,the customs of the trade and the common sense of life,and is a reasonable expectation resulting from changes in the law,and for which the debtor and the assignor are attributable.The debtor and the assignor are attributable to this expectation,it is necessary to establish a path of reliance law to break the“stalemate”.

关 键 词：胶着状态 恶意受让人 禁止让与特约 信赖保护 可归责性 

分 类 号：D923.3[政治法律—民商法学]