经营者帮助达成垄断协议的行为认定与责任分析  

The Behavior Identification and Responsibility Analysis of the Operators'Assistance in Reaching Monopoly Agreements

作　　者：刘晓纯 李美霖 Liu Xiaochun;Li Meilin(School of Law,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072)

机构地区：[1]天津大学法学院,天津300072

出　　处：《天津法学》2024年第3期93-102,共10页Tianjin Legal Science

摘　　要：2022年修订的我国《反垄断法》新增了禁止经营者帮助他人达成垄断协议条款,克服了传统垄断协议二分法下规制困境。与呈现明显主导性质的垄断协议组织行为相比较,垄断协议帮助行为之行为认定和责任承担还不甚明晰。实质上看,垄断协议帮助行为是经营者为其他经营者达成垄断协议提供重要帮助的独立行为。垄断协议帮助行为具有显著性、直接性、附从性和主观故意性等四大基本特征。认定垄断协议帮助行为,可以从主体要件、主观要件、客观要件和结果要件出发。而帮助行为的外延可以采用行为方式和行为内容两种划分标准进行列举。垄断协议帮助者法律责任的设定应当遵守过罚相当原则和共同违法原则,兼顾“宽大制度”和“双罚制”的适用。值得注意的是,帮助者并不属于民事责任的责任主体。经营者团体适用“双罚制”时,应从“经营者+个人”和“团体+成员”两个维度进行综合考量。China's Anti-Monopoly Law revised in 2022 added a new clause prohibiting operators from helping others reach monopoly agreements,overcoming the regulatory dilemma under the dichotomy of traditional monopoly agreements.Compared with the dominant organizational behavior of monopoly agreement,the behavior identification and responsibility bearing of monopoly agreement assistance behavior are not clear.In essence,the assistance behavior of monopoly agreement is the independent behavior that operators provide important help for other operators to reach monopoly agreement.The assistance behavior of monopoly agreement has four basic characteristics,such as significance,directness,subordination and subjective intention.We can start from the main element,subjective element,objective element and result element to identify the assistance behavior of monopoly agreement.The extension of assistance behavior can be listed by two classification criteria:behavior mode and behavior content.The establishment of legal liability of the helper of monopoly agreement should abide by the principle of excessive punishment and joint violation of law,and take into account the application of“leniency system”and“double punishment system”.It is worth noting that the helper does not belong to the subject of civil liability.When the operator group applies the“double penalty system”,it should be comprehensively considered from the two dimensions of“operator+individual”and“group+member”.

关 键 词：垄断协议 第三方行为 实质性责任 帮助者责任 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学]