面向神经功能环路解析的全光生理技术  

All⁃Optical Physiology for Neural⁃Circuitry Analysis

作　　者：靳程 孔令杰[1,2] Jin Cheng;Kong Lingjie(State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments,Department of Precision Instrument,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Tsinghua-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学精密仪器系精密测试技术与仪器全国重点实验室,北京100084 [2]清华-IDG/麦戈文脑科学研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《中国激光》2024年第21期183-195,共13页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：科技创新2030——脑科学与类脑研究重大项目(2022ZD0212000);国家自然科学基金重点项目(61831014);国家自然科学基金创新群体项目(32021002)。

摘　　要：构建神经联接图谱是揭示脑工作原理的关键,被认为是全面理解认知神经基础的必由之路。近年来,得益于光学技术和功能蛋白的发展,人们已经可以利用基于功能指示蛋白的荧光成像技术进行神经活动观测,同时也可以利用基于光敏蛋白的光遗传技术进行神经活动调控。全光生理技术将上述基于光学技术的神经活动观测与调控相结合,相比于常规电生理技术具有低侵入性、高空间分辨率、高通量等优点,成为在体神经功能环路解析的理想手段。针对面向神经功能环路解析的全光生理技术,本文首先回顾了目前常用功能蛋白的原理和类型,然后介绍了不同类型全光生理系统的组成及特点,分析了全光生理系统的性能评价指标,最后分别从光学成像与调控技术两个方面探讨了全光生理系统的发展方向。Significance The“brain program”,which focuses strategically on neuroscience research,has been launched worldwide.The construction of neural connection maps is the basis of neuroscience research.Meanwhile,the analysis of neural circuits can provide a basis for investigations into the mechanisms of perception,memory,and social behavior,as well as the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.Additionally,relevant investigations can inspire the development of next-generation artificial-intelligence algorithms and promote the development of the intelligent information industry.Progress The development of optical technology and functional proteins in recent years has enabled scientists to use fluorescence imaging technology based on functional indicator proteins to observe neural activity,as well as use optogenetics based on opsins to regulate neural activity.All-optical physiology combines the observation and regulation of neural activity based on optical technology,which offers the advantages of low invasibility,high spatial resolution,and high throughput compared with conventional electrophysiological techniques,and has become an ideal method for the analysis of neural functional circuits in vivo.In this paper,the technical route of all-optical physiological technology is first introduced(Fig.1).In the second section,the principles and characteristics of the functional indicators of fluorescent and photosensitive proteins are introduced(Fig.2).In the third section,the basic optical-path structure and technical realization method of all-optical physiological systems are reviewed(Fig.3),and typical results based on single-and two-photon imaging are shown(Fig.4).In the fourth section,the performance-evaluation indexes of all-optical physiological systems in the time and space dimensions are analyzed(Fig.5),and recent improvements for enhancing the system performance are presented(Fig.6).Conclusions and Prospects The main research tools used in neuroscience have shifted from electrical to optical devices.Alloptic

关 键 词：全光生理技术 神经功能环路解析 功能蛋白 荧光显微成像技术 光遗传技术 

分 类 号：R318.51[医药卫生—生物医学工程]