基于事件相机的风力发电机叶片扫塔预警方法  

Early Warning for Wind Turbine Blade Collision Using the Event Camera

作　　者：扁逸飞 雷太航 刘子宾 关棒磊 尚洋[1,2] 于起峰 Bian Yifei;Lei Taihang;Liu Zibin;Guan Banglei;Shang Yang;Yu Qifeng(College of Aerospace Science and Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,Hunan,China;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Image Measurement and Vision Navigation,Changsha 410073,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学空天科学学院,湖南长沙410073 [2]图像测量与视觉导航湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410073

出　　处：《光学学报》2024年第22期144-153,共10页Acta Optica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12372189);湖南省优秀青年科学基金项目(2023JJ20045)。

摘　　要：针对风力发电机运行过程中可能出现的叶片扫塔问题,提出一种基于事件相机的风电叶片扫塔预警方法。所提方法充分利用事件相机的高动态范围、低延时、低功耗等优点,首先,实时监测复杂光照环境下快速旋转的叶片,获得高频稀疏事件流数据;其次,通过分析叶尖产生事件的极性提取候选叶尖事件,并使用邻域搜索方法从候选叶尖事件中提取实际的叶尖像素坐标;最后,通过中心透视投影原理计算叶片的最小净空距离,实现叶片扫塔预警。所提方法将事件相机用于风电叶片扫塔的监测预警,实现全天候、复杂光照环境下风电叶片最小净空距离的在线监测,可有效避免叶片扫塔事故的发生。Objective In extreme environments,blade collisions with the tower due to complex aerodynamic forces can lead to severe accidents.Early warning systems for blade collisions are crucial for taking proactive measures to prevent accidents and minimize losses.Current methods for detecting blade collisions face two main issues:firstly,installing sensors on the wind turbine’s surface is challenging.Secondly,conventional methods use high-speed cameras to track blade motion,but the accuracy of clearance distance measurement depends on the camera’s frame rate,and large amounts of data complicate continuous monitoring.Additionally,traditional optical cameras are affected by harsh lighting conditions.In this study,we propose a novel method utilizing an event camera for early warning of wind turbine blade collisions.The event camera’s high dynamic range allows monitoring under complex lighting conditions,and its low latency provides high temporal resolution.This reduces errors associated with frame rates compared to optical cameras.The low data volume and low power consumption of the event camera enhance monitoring efficiency.Methods We monitor the rapidly rotating blade tip in challenging lighting conditions using event stream data captured by the event camera.Our method employs polarity to extract blade coordinates from the event stream.We first accumulate the event stream into frames at a predetermined interval based on the monitoring frequency.Next,we analyze the polarity of edge events when the blade tip is at its minimum clearance distance.We then use a neighborhood search method to determine the precise blade tip coordinates from the candidate events.With these coordinates,we compute the distance between the blade tip and the tower’s central axis on the event frame and determine the minimum clearance distance of the blade using central perspective projection principles.Results and Discussions A point cloud model of the wind turbine is obtained using a 3D scanner during shutdown. Wecompare our method with optica

关 键 词：测量 风力发电机 事件相机 叶片扫塔 健康监测 

分 类 号：TK83[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程]