质子交换膜燃料电池电站安全性分析和提升策略研究  

Safety analysis and enhancement strategies of protonexchange membrane fuel cell power plants

作　　者：滕越 谢恒 陈皓哲 王刘芳 伍思宇 徐圆圆 易建新 王朝云 孙龙林[5] TENG Yue;XIE Heng;CHEN Haozhe;WANG Liufang;WU Siyu;XU Yuanyuan;YI Jianxin;WANG Chaoyun;SUN Longlin(State Grid Anhui Electric Power Company Limited,Hefei 230601,China;Faculty of Science and Engineering,University of Nottingham,Ningbo 315100,China;State Key Laboratory of Fire Science,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Anhui Mingtian Hydrogen Energy Technology Company Limited,Lu'an 237005,China;Sungrow Power Supply Company Limited,Hefei 230088,China)

机构地区：[1]国网安徽省电力有限公司,合肥230601 [2]宁波诺丁汉大学理工学院,宁波315100 [3]中国科学技术大学火灾安全全国重点实验室,合肥230026 [4]安徽明天氢能科技股份有限公司,六安237005 [5]阳光电源股份有限公司,合肥230088

出　　处：《火灾科学(中英文)》2024年第3期193-202,共10页Fire Safety Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(61871359);国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金(U21A20144)。

摘　　要：质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)电站涉及大量高压氢气的制备、储存、运输和使用等,设备繁多、工艺复杂,其安全运行至关重要。现有研究缺乏对PEMFC电站安全性的系统分析。针对某PEMFC电站,使用危险与可操作性分析(HAZOP)、事件树分析和风险矩阵分析建立了一个完整的分析框架,对电站各子系统的安全性进行了分析和概率计算。结果表明电站存在诸多风险且概率普遍偏高,电站整体安全性较低。其中发电系统风险最高,是安全性最低的一个子系统,而在电站所有风险中,设备气压异常风险最为常见,占比近1/3。进一步通过设置报警、散热、限流、排水装置等基本保护层和安全联锁系统(SIS),将事故发生的概率降低至社会可接受风险范围。研究结果可为研究PEMFC电站安全风险的分析方法和管控措施提供参考。Proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)power plants involve the preparation,storage,transportation,and use of a large amount of high-pressure hydrogen,consisting of many equipment and complex processes.Thus,its safe operation is crucial.Existing research lacks a systematic analysis of the safety of PEMFC power plants.This work established a complete analysis framework for a PEMFC power station using Hazard and Operability Analysis(HAZOP),Event Tree Analysis,and Risk Matrix Analysis.The safety of each subsystem of the power station was analyzed,and probability calculations were carried out.Results indicate many risks,and the risk probability is generally high in the power station,posing significant safety concerns.The power generation system shows the highest risk and lowest safety among various subsystems.Among all the risks in the power station,the risk of abnormal equipment pressure is the most common,accounting for nearly one-third.Furthermore,the probability of accidents can be reduced to a socially acceptable risk range by setting up basic protective layers such as alarms,heat dissipation,current limiting,drainage devices,and safety interlock systems(SIS).These results can provide a reference for the analysis methods and control measures of safety risks in PEMFC power plants.

关 键 词：PEMFC电站 HAZOP分析 事件树分析 SIS 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]