高速脂润滑深沟球轴承时变润滑特性研究  

Research on Time-Varying Lubrication Characteristics of High Speed Grease Lubricated Deep Groove Ball Bearing

作　　者：戴鑫 张玉言[1,2] 王志良 刘德利 马晨波 DAI Xin;ZHANG Yuyan;WANG Zhiliang;LIU Deli;MA Chenbo(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210037,China;Nantong Yuetong CNC Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Haian Jiangsu 226600,China;CSC Bearing Co.,Ltd.,Changshu Jiangsu 215500,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学机械电子工程学院,江苏南京210037 [2]南通跃通数控设备股份有限公司,江苏海安226600 [3]苏州长城精工科技股份有限公司,江苏常熟215500

出　　处：《润滑与密封》2025年第1期88-97,共10页Lubrication Engineering

基　　金：江苏省科技成果转化项目(BA2023050)。

摘　　要：考虑新能源汽车电机用高速脂润滑深沟球轴承在加减速及高速运转工况下滚动体-套圈接触副润滑性能的时变特征,建立结合轴承力学分析和点接触脂润滑时变弹流润滑控制方程的数学模型;以滚动体-外圈接触副为例,分析润滑脂流变指数对润滑性能的影响,探讨加速及高速稳定运转阶段由载荷和卷吸速度变化所引起的时变润滑特性,并分析轴向载荷对压力和膜厚波动的影响。结果表明:在轴承加速阶段,受载最大的滚动体-外圈接触副的最小润滑脂膜厚度增加,但增速先快后慢;在轴承高速稳定运转阶段,滚动体-外圈接触副压力及膜厚随滚动体的公转呈周期性变化;无论在加速还是稳定运转阶段,平均压力和最小膜厚的波动程度均随轴向载荷的增大而减小,因此从降低轴承噪声和提高润滑稳定性的角度而言,增加轴向载荷是有利的;随着轴承工作温度的增加,由于润滑脂初始塑性黏度和流变指数的变化,稳态下最小脂膜厚度降低,但降速先快后慢。The time-varying lubrication characteristics for contact pairs between rolling elements and rings of high speed grease lubricated deep groove ball bearings used in new energy vehicle motors under the conditions of acceleration,deceleration and high speed operation were considered.A mathematical model combining bearing mechanical analysis and time-varying elastohydrodynamic lubrication control equations of point contact grease lubrication was established.Taking the rolling element-outer ring contact pair as an example,the influence of the rheological index of grease on lubrication performance was analyzed,and the time-varying lubrication characteristics caused by the changes of contact load and entrainment velocity during acceleration and high speed stable operation stages were discussed.The influence of axial load on the fluctuation degree of average pressure and minimum film thickness was analyzed.The results show that during the bearing acceleration stage,the minimum grease film thickness of the rolling element-outer ring contact pair with the maximum load increases,but the growth rate is fast at first and then slow.During the high-speed stable operation stage of the bearing,the grease film pressure and thickness of the rolling element-outer ring contact pair change periodically with the revolution of the rolling element.The fluctuation degree of average pressure and minimum film thickness decreases with the increase of axial load at both acceleration and steady operation stages.Therefore,from the perspective of reducing bearing noise and improving lubrication stability,it is beneficial to increase axial load appropriately.With the increase of bearing working temperature,the minimum grease film thickness decreases under steady state due to the change of initial plastic viscosity and rheological index of grease,but the decreasing rate is fast at first and then slow.

关 键 词：深沟球轴承 脂润滑 点接触弹流润滑 时变特性 润滑脂流变指数 

分 类 号：TH133[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]