文明形态与经济要素——从通商和消费看奥斯曼帝国的西化问题  

Forms of Civilization and Economic Factors:Rethinking the Westernization of Ottoman Empire from Perspectives of Trade and Consumption

作　　者：王三义[1] WANG Sanyi

机构地区：[1]上海大学文学院历史学系,200444

出　　处：《史林》2024年第6期196-204,217,共10页Historical Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中东经济通史”(21&ZD246)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：文明形态的差异是人类不同生存方式的差异,而异态文明接触往往以经济要素为表征。19世纪奥斯曼帝国经济领域的西化始于通商,社会层面的变动主要是消费方式的改变。工业文明向奥斯曼帝国扩展和渗透并不完全取决于早期通商条约,而取决于19世纪后期西式消费的反向刺激。奥斯曼帝国无论主动还是被动接纳西方文明,客观上扩大了西方的经济利益,从首都伊斯坦布尔到各省的市镇成了西方国家经销商品、获取利益的场所。但最终奥斯曼帝国未被“资本的世界”完全吞没。面对工业文明这种新形态,奥斯曼帝国采取实用主义的“取”和“用”。The present paper,investigating the Westernization of Ottoman Empire,which economically began with the trade and then was socially embodied in the change of pattern of consumption,attempts to demonstrate that,although the empire's urban areas including the capital had become the places,wherein the West sold goods and made profits,the empire itself was not fully engulfed by the capital world due to its pragmatic strategy.

关 键 词：文明形态 经济要素 奥斯曼帝国 通商 消费 

分 类 号：K378.4[历史地理—历史学]