聚氨酯-环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能与韧化机制  

Mechanical properties and toughening mechanism of polyurethane epoxy resin composite materials

作　　者：马衍轩[1,2] 付双阳 王帅飞 吴睿 高玉华 李美玉 张建 张鹏 高嵩[1,2] MA Yanxuan;FU Shuangyang;WANG Shuaifei;WU Rui;GAO Yuhua;LI Meiyu;ZHANG Jian;ZHANG Peng;GAO Song(School of Civil Engineering,Qingdao University of Technology,Qingdao 266520,China;Engineering Research Center of Concrete Technology under Marine Environment,Ministry of Education,Qingdao 266520,China;Qingdao Qingxin Sunshine Group Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266404,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛理工大学土木工程学院,青岛266520 [2]海洋环境混凝土技术教育部工程研究中心,青岛266520 [3]青岛青新阳光集团有限公司,青岛266404

出　　处：《复合材料学报》2024年第12期6461-6475,共15页Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52378248);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2022ME121);中国水利水电科学研究院水利部水工程材料重点实验室(筹)开放研究基金项目(EMF202411);海洋环境混凝土技术教育部工程研究中心开放课题(TMduracon2022010)。

摘　　要：环氧树脂材料固化后脆性大、韧性差,表面容易发生老化、龟裂、剥落等问题,难以保护混凝土应对海工环境等复杂的工况。设计、制备了不同体系的聚氨酯/环氧树脂(PU/EP)复合材料,以PU/EP复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、冲击韧性作为评价指标进行了正交实验,结合响应面分析法确定了PU/EP复合材料的最佳制备配方为:PU预聚体原材料n(OH-)∶n(NCO-)的摩尔比(Molar ratio of n(OH-)∶n(NCO-),R)为1、PU掺量为15wt%、制备温度为80℃。研究结果表明:聚氨酯(PU)和EP交联效果良好,PU/EP复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、冲击韧性较纯环氧树脂分别提高37.61%、52.21%、47.07%。随着PU掺量的增加,材料中柔性长链段的比例增大,形成二级网络的区域增大,分子间的配位作用以及软连段的增加极大提高了材料的力学性能,并且PU/EP复合材料的硬度和弹性模量有一定程度的降低。Epoxy resin materials have high brittleness and poor toughness,and are prone to aging,cracking,and peeling on the surface,making it difficult to protect concrete from complex working conditions such as marine environments.Polyurethane/epoxy resin(PU/EP)composite materials with different systems were designed,and orthogonal experiments were conducted using the tensile strength,fracture elongation,and impact toughness of PU/EP composite materials as evaluation indicators.The optimal preparation formula for PU/EP composite materials was determined through response surface analysis method,with R value of 1,PU content of 15wt%,and preparation temperature of 80℃.The results show that the crosslinking effect of PU and EP is good,and the tensile strength,fracture elongation,and impact toughness of PU/EP composite materials are improved by 37.61%,52.21%,and 47.07%compared with pure epoxy resin,respectively.With the increase of PU content,the proportion of flexible long chain segments in the material increases,and the area forming the secondary network increases.The coordination effect between molecules and the increase of soft connecting segments greatly improves the mechanical properties of the material,and the hardness and elastic modulus of PU/EP composite materials are reduced to a certain extent.

关 键 词：环氧树脂 聚氨酯 增韧设计 力学性能 韧化机制 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]