乾隆朝南疆铜矿开发与铸造新普尔钱政策  

The Development of Copper Mines and the Policy of Casting New Puerqian Coins in Southern Xinjiang during the Qianlong Dynasty

作　　者：万学慧 WAN Xue-hui(School of Humanities,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院,北京海淀100084

出　　处：《新疆大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第1期53-61,共9页Journal of Xinjiang University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“明清时期中国经济重心东移研究”(24VRC040)。

摘　　要：乾隆二十四年(1759)平定新疆后,为稳定南疆经济秩序、彰显经济主权,清廷在南疆仿照准噶尔时期的旧普尔钱发行了新普尔钱。清廷通过使用备铸炮位铜及回收和改铸旧普尔钱铸得了新普尔钱。钱局的设置受政治、经济、资源等因素影响。为满足南疆铸币的长期需要,清廷制定了回众贡赋铜、选任采铜伯克监督回众采铜、在铜矿开发地设立铜厂,并令屯田绿营兵开采等政策以资铜矿开发与铸币需求。钱币的形制、重量等亦受铜开采量影响。乾隆三十九年(1774)南疆铸币政策与铜矿开发政策的稳定反映出乾隆朝南疆经济秩序的稳定。After the pacification of Xinjiang in the 24th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong,to stabilize the economic order and highlight the economic sovereignty over Southern Xinjiang,the Qing government issued new Puerqian coins in southern Xinjiang in imitation of the old Puerqian coins in the Junggar period.The Qing government made the new Puerqian coin by using the prepared gun position copper and recycling and recasting the old Puerqian coin.The establishment of the coinage bureau was affected by political,economic,resource,and other factors.To meet the long-term needs of minting coins in southern Xinjiang,the Qing government formulated policies such as paying tribute to the Hui people,appointing Burke to supervise the mining of copper by the Hui people,setting up a copper plant in the copper development area and ordering the garrison troops(to cultivate and guard the border areas)to mine to meet the needs of copper development and coinage.The amount of copper mining also affected the shape and weight of coins.The stability of the minting and copper development policies in southern Xinjiang in the 39th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong reflected the establishment of economic order in southern Xinjiang during the Qianlong Dynasty.

关 键 词：乾隆朝 南疆 铜矿 新普尔钱 

分 类 号：K249.3[历史地理—历史学]