虫砂复合微生物菌剂2种施用方式对棉花生长发育及防控黄萎病的影响  

Effects of two application methods of insect-sand compound microbial agent on cotton growth and control of Verticillium wilt

作　　者：孟卓 唐小雯 张广杰 徐安东 颜宇 付娆 羌松[1,2,3] 蒋平安 马德英 MENG Zhuo;TANG Xiaowen;ZHANG Guangjie;XU Andong;YAN Yu;FU Rao;QIANG Song;JIANG Pingan;MA Deying(College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Cotton Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education,College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Safety Prevention and Control of Agricultural and Forest Pests/College of Agriculture Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业大学教育部棉花工程研究中心,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆农业大学农林业有害生物监测与安全防控重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2024年第12期2861-2871,共11页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2022B02046);大学生创新训练计划项目(dxscx2022010)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过白星花金龟虫砂与黄萎病生防菌相结合,研究棉花黄萎病绿色防控技术,分析两者协同作用下不同施用方式对棉花生长发育及防控黄萎病的影响,为棉花黄萎病的绿色防控和棉花产业可持续发展提供参考。【方法】设置虫砂复合枯草芽孢杆菌(LD-KC)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌(LD-JDF)、哈茨木霉(LD-HC)、中棉菌乐土(LD-ZM)4种组合,分别以虫砂复合生防菌全量基施(TBF)和虫砂基施+生防菌追施(BF+DBM)2种方式施入田间,在棉花全生育期测量生长发育和产量指标,在黄萎病发病期调查棉花黄萎病病情指数。【结果】BF+DBM组的棉花生长发育指标(株高、茎粗、果枝始节高等)优于TBF组,以LD-JDF和LD-ZM表现较好;BF+DBM组籽棉增产效果明显,显著高于TBF组和对照组(CK),BF+DBM籽棉增产在24.37%~33.40%,LD-JDF组增产最高,增产率达33.40%,其次为LD-HC,增产率为31.10%。黄萎病发生初期,TBF组的病情指数在3.80~5.85,LD-JDF处理对棉花黄萎病的防效较高,达到44.36%,BF+DBM组病情指数在2.50~5.33,LD-HC处理下的病情指数最低,防效为63.40%,黄萎病发生后期,TBF组和BF+DBM组病情指数分别在27.00~31.67、21.67~30.83,均为JDF防效最高,分别达到19.00%、34.98%。【结论】在棉花整个生育期内,虫砂基施+生防菌追施能有效促进棉花的生长发育,对棉花黄萎病的防治效果较佳,且增产效果较为显著,以LD-JDF增产效果最佳,虫砂基施和生防追施相结合的施用方式。【Objective】In order to explore the green control technology of cotton Verticillium wilt,the effects of two different application methods on cotton growth and control of verticillium wilt under the synergistic effect of Protaetia brevitarsis worm dung-sand and microbial agents will be clarified,in the hope of providing scheme reference for green control of the cotton disease and sustainable development of cotton industry.【Methods】Four treatments of larvae dung-sand combined with Bacillus subtilis(LD-KC),Bacillus amyloliquefaciens(LD-JDF),Trichoderma harzianum(LD-HC)and Zhongmian Junletu(LD-ZM)were set up,and total base fertilizer of the larvae dung-sand combined with microbial agents(TBF)and base fertilizer of larvae dung-sand+dressing microbial agents(BF+DBM)were used respectively.【Results】The growth and development indexes of cotton in BF+DBM group(plant height,stem diameter,first node of fruit branches,etc.)were better than those in TBF group,with LD-JDF and LD-ZM performing better.The yield increase of seed cotton in BF+DBM group was significantly higher than those in TBF group and control group(CK).The yield increase of seed cotton in BF+DBM group was 24.37%-33.40%.The highest yield increase was achieved in LD-JDF group(33.40%),followed by LD-HC(31.10%).In the early stage of Verticillium wilt,the disease index of TBF group was 3.80-5.85,the disease index of LD-JDF treatment was higher,reaching 44.36%,the disease index of BF+DBM group was 2.50-5.33,the disease index of LD-HC treatment was the lowest,and the prevention effect was 63.40%.In the late stage of Verticillium wilt,the disease indexes of TBF group and BF+DBM group were between 27.00-31.67 and 21.67-30.83,respectively,and JDF had the highest control effect,reaching 19.00%and 34.98%respectively.【Conclusion】During the whole growth period of cotton,the basic application of larvae dung-sand combined with semi-quantitative biocontrol bacteria plus semi-quantitative biocontrol bacteria topdressing can effectively promote the growth and develo

关 键 词：棉花黄萎病 生物防治 虫菌复合 施用方式 防病增产 

分 类 号：S435.62[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]