促生菌及其组合对新疆干旱区小麦生长和生理特性的影响  

Effects of growth promoting bacteria and their combinations on the growth and physiological characteristics of wheat in arid areas of Xinjiang

作　　者：顾美英[1,2] 葛春辉 朱静 唐琦勇[1,2] 艾尼江·尔斯满[1,2] 楚敏 唐光木[2,3] 易鸳鸯 徐万里 张志东[1,2] GU Meiying;GE Chunhui;ZHU Jing;TANG Qiyong;Ainijiang Ersiman;CHU Min;TANG Guangmu;YI Yuanyang;XU Wanli;ZHANG Zhidong(Xinjiang Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology/Institute of Microbiology,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization(Saline-alkali Land in Arid and Semi-arid Regions),MOARA,Urumqi 830091,China;Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所/新疆特殊环境微生物实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]农业农村部盐碱土改良与利用(干旱半干旱区盐碱地)重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2024年第12期2890-2901,共12页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900802);新疆农业科学院稳定支持专项子课题(xjnkywdzc-2023002-3-2);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项子课题(2023A02012-3-5)。

摘　　要：【目的】微生物菌剂的作用效果受作物及生态环境的影响较大,筛选适应新疆土壤类型及气候特点的具有促生长、抗倒伏和耐受生物或非生物胁迫等作用的功能菌株,为新疆干旱区农业微生物资源收集与挖掘提供依据。【方法】采用浸种方式进行小麦盆栽试验,测定单菌及其组合对小麦生长和生理特性的影响。【结果】从新疆不同生态环境土壤中分离得到9株具有促生功能的菌株,均有不同程度的耐盐碱、耐干旱等特性。在轻度盐碱土中,9株菌小麦发芽率增幅为6.67%~33.33%,株高为6.91%~54.09%,鲜重为15.74%~75.32%,叶绿素含量为27.03%~143.87%;8株菌提高了小麦植株具抗病性的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)酶活,增幅为18.06%~89.59%;5株菌提高了小麦植株具抗逆性的过氧化物酶(POD)酶活;3株菌增加了小麦植株与抗倒伏特性相关的木质素含量,分别提高了19.10%、13.77%和8.43%。结合促生、抗倒伏、抗逆性等功能,对其中3株具有不同功能的菌株Y24(类芽孢杆菌属)、SD5(芽孢杆菌属)、L6(盐单胞菌属)进行组合。组合后SD5-L对小麦生长和生理特性的总体效果最佳。发芽率和鲜重较SD5和L6单菌分别增加7.15%和0.00%、133.33%和1.23%,叶绿素、木质素含量分别增加了100.00%和92.03%、5.34%和2.45%,PAL、POD酶活性分别增加了8.25%和44.80%、4.13%和-6.04%。【结论】在新疆干旱区轻度盐碱胁迫下,促生菌组合后小麦未明显增加株高,但发芽率、鲜重、光合作用、抗倒伏和抗病性等功能效果显著优于单一菌株,不同菌株之间能够协同增效。芽孢杆菌属和盐单胞菌属组合可以发挥菌株更大作用,可促进小麦生长和提高植株的抗逆性。【Objective】The effect of microbial agents is greatly influenced by crop and ecological conditions,so this research aims to screen the functional strains adapted to the growth promotion,lodging resistance and biotic or abiotic stress tolerance in Xinjiang soil type and climate characteristics.To provide high-quality bacterial resources for the development of microbial fertilizers suitable for Xinjiang arid areas.【Methods】Ecological adaptability studies showed that these strains had varying degrees of salt alkali and drought resistance,etc.【Results】Nine strains with growth promoting functions were isolated from soils in different ecological environments in Xinjiang.The effects of single and compound bacteria on the growth and physiological characteristics of wheat were determined using seed soaking method by pot experiment.In mild saline alkali soil,the germination rate of 9 strains increased by 6.67%-33.33%,the plant height increased by 6.91%-54.09%,the fresh weight increased by 15.74%-75.32%,and the chlorophyll content increased by 27.03%-143.87%.8 strains increased the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase with disease resistance in wheat plants,and the increase ranged between 18.06%-89.59%.5 strains of increased the peroxidase activities with stress resistance in wheat plants.3 strains increased the lignin content related to lodging resistance in wheat plants by 19.10%,13.77%,and 8.43%,respectively.Combining functions such as growth promotion,lodging resistance,and stress resistance,three strains of Y24(Paenibacillus),SD5(Bacillus),and L6(Halomonas)with different functions of promoting growth,resisting lodging and promoting premature maturation were combined.The combination of SD5-L6 treatment had the best effect on wheat growth and physiological characteristics.Compared to SD5 and L6,the germination rate and fresh weight increased by 7.15%and 0.00%,133.33%and 1.23%,respectively.The content of chlorophyll and lignin increased by 100.00%and 92.03%,5.34%and 2.45%,respectively.The activity of PAL and

关 键 词：小麦 功能菌株 合成菌群 促生评价 

分 类 号：S-188[农业科学] S512