水库泄流洪水波在宜昌—大通河段传播规律研究  

Propagation law of reservoir flood wave in main channel of Changjiang River from Yichang to Datong section

作　　者：仇红亚 刘亚新 李妍清 张冬冬 熊丰 QIU Hongya;LIU Yaxin;LI Yanqing;ZHANG Dongdong;XIONG Feng(China Three Gorges Corporation,Yichang 443133,China;China Yangtze Power Co.,Ltd.,Yichang 443002,China;Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Wisdom Yangtze River and Hydropower Science,Yichang 443002,China;Bureau of Hydrology,Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]中国长江三峡集团有限公司,湖北宜昌443133 [2]中国长江电力股份有限公司,湖北宜昌443002 [3]智慧长江与水电科学湖北省重点实验室,湖北宜昌443002 [4]长江水利委员会水文局,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《人民长江》2025年第1期22-30,共9页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3002703);中国长江三峡集团有限公司科研项目(0704221);国家自然科学基金项目(52309004,U2340205)。

摘　　要：在当前水利工程和防洪管理中,水库泄流洪水波传播问题备受关注。以长江宜昌—大通干流河段为例,构建了一维水动力学模型,模拟了不同工况条件下洪水波的传播特性,并对比分析了沿程洪水演进规律。研究结果表明:(1)断波洪水的形成可在不同程度上缩短下游河段的峰现时间,随着断波流量的增加,以运动波传播的河段距离明显缩短,洪水波形变指数增加;(2)随着洪峰流量持续时间的延长,同样会缩短以运动波特性传播的洪水波演进的距离,并增加洪水波形变指数,但同一站点或是里程上的峰现时间会有推后,洪峰历时延长;(3)多波束断波条件下,计算波速普遍较高,随着沿程距离的增加波形变指数递减,但多波束传播条件下形变指数沿程衰减过程明显放缓;(4)当有支流入汇时,沿程站点洪峰流量变化均表现出明显的非一致性,高流量历时明显延长。研究成果对于揭示水库泄流洪水波传播规律具有重要意义,可为区域防洪管理提供参考。In current water conservancy engineering and flood management,the propagation of flood waves from reservoir discharge is a matter of great concern.Taking the Yichang-Datong section in main channel of Changjiang River as an example,a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model was constructed to simulate the propagation characteristics of flood waves under different working conditions and to compare and analyze the flood evolution patterns along the course.The research results show that:①The formation of break wave floods can shorten the peak arrival time in downstream sections to varying degrees.With the increase of break wave flow,the distance of river sections where flood waves propagate as kinematic waves significantly shortens,and the flood wave deformation index increases;②With the extension of the duration of peak flood flow,the distance of flood wave propagation with kinematic wave characteristics will also be shortened,and the flood wave deformation index will increase.However,the peak arrival time at the same site or a certain mileage will be delayed,and the duration of the peak flood will be extended;③Under multi-beam break wave conditions,the calculated wave speed is generally higher.As the distance along the course increases,the deformation index declines,but the decay process of the deformation index along the course under multi-beam propagation conditions is significantly slowed down;④When there are tributary inflows,the changes in peak flow at sites along the course all exhibit significant inconsistencies,and the duration of high flow is significantly extended.The research findings are of great significance for revealing the propagation laws of flood waves from reservoir discharge and can provide references for regional flood management.

关 键 词：水库泄流 洪水波 传播特性 形变指数 水动力学模型 长江 

分 类 号：P332.2[天文地球—水文科学]