长江中下游浅水湖泊湿地植物保护与恢复  

Aquatic plant conservation and restoration of shallow lake wetlands in middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River

作　　者：赵素婷[1] 周瑞 袁赛波 厉恩华 ZHAO Suting;ZHOU Rui;YUAN Saibo;LI Enhua(Hubei Key Laboratory of Big Data in Science and Technology,Wuhan Library of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430071,China;Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei,Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology of CAS,Wuhan 430077,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Ecological Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center,Yangtze River Basin Ecological Environment Supervision and Administration Bureau of Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Wuhan 430014,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院武汉文献情报中心科技大数据湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430071 [2]中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院环境与灾害监测评估湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430077 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]生态环境部长江流域生态环境监督管理局生态环境监测与科学研究中心,湖北武汉430014

出　　处：《人民长江》2025年第1期58-66,共9页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42201436,41371513)。

摘　　要：长江中下游浅水湖泊是支撑区域经济社会高质量发展的国家重要战略资源,在维护区域水安全、粮食安全、生态安全和生物多样性等方面占有重要地位。但该区域人口众多、开发历史悠久,在气候变化和人类活动的双重影响下,普遍存在水体富营养化、湖泊功能退化等生态环境问题。湿地植物是湿地生态系统物质循环和能量流动的基础,从湖泊湿地植物保护修复的角度,梳理了长江中下游浅水湖泊总体情况及湿地植物保护现状,分析了这些湖泊所面临的主要生态环境问题:水文过程改变、生境丧失、资源过度利用、水利富营养化、洪涝灾害、入侵种泛滥、流域综合治理及科研观测研究不足等。在此基础上提出了相应地湿地植物保护修复的对策建议:优化水资源配置、恢复湿地生境、资源合理利用、改善水质、改善江湖关系、防治入侵生物、健全流域管理体系及加强观测研究等。以期推动流域系统治理、资源可持续利用、促进湖泊水生态环境改善和湖泊功能恢复。Shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River are important strategic resources to support the high-quality development of regional economy and society,and play an important role in maintaining regional water security,food security,ecological security and biodiversity protection.However,this region has a large population and a long history of development.Under the dual influence of climate change and human activities,there are widespread ecological and environmental problems such as eutrophication and lake function degradation.Aquatic plants play a constructive role in the lake wetland ecosystem.In light of the prevailing circumstances pertaining to shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River,and the current state of wetland plant protection,this paper analysed the main ecological and environmental problems faced by these lakes from the perspective of plant protection and restoration of wetlands.These included changes in hydrological processes,habitat loss,overuse of resources,water eutrophication,flood disasters,invasive species infestation,insufficient integrated watershed management and scientific research and observation.We then presented a series of countermeasures and suggestions for the protection and restoration of aquatic vegetation.These included the following:optimising the allocation of water resources;restoring wetland habitats;rational use of water resources;improving water quality;improving the relationship between rivers and lakes;preventing and controlling invasive organisms;perfecting watershed management system;and strengthening observation and research.This study is expected to promote basin systematic governance,sustainable utilization of resources,lake water ecological environment improvement and lake function restoration.

关 键 词：湿地植物 保护与恢复 水体富营养化 流域综合治理 浅水湖泊 长江中下游 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]