石亭江底栖动物群落结构季节变化与生态评价  

Seasonal variation of benthic macroinvertebrate community structure and ecology evaluation in Shiting River

作　　者：李松忆 郑珊 周雄冬 LI Songyi;ZHENG Shan;ZHOU Xiongdong(Zhejiang Design Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydro-electric Power Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 310002,China;Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering Simulation and Seismic Resilience of China Earthquake Administration,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China;Key Laboratory of Coast Civil Structure Safety of Ministry of Education,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China;School of Civil Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China;Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省水利水电勘测设计院有限责任公司,浙江杭州310002 [2]天津大学中国地震局地震工程综合模拟与城乡抗震韧性重点实验室,天津300350 [3]天津大学滨海土木工程结构与安全教育部重点实验室,天津300350 [4]天津大学建筑工程学院,天津300350 [5]中国科学院水生生物研究所,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《人民长江》2025年第1期67-73,共7页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3206201);国家自然科学基金项目(52079095)。

摘　　要：汶川地震后石亭江山前河段冲刷严重,对河流生态产生重要影响,然而目前尚缺乏对山前冲刷河段的定量生态评价。选取石亭江、绵远河和湔江为研究对象,根据2021年秋季(10月)和2022年夏季(7月)采集的大型无脊椎底栖动物样本与环境观测数据,分析了石亭江底栖动物群落结构、多样性、功能摄食类群和功能习性类群的季节变化特点。结果表明:石亭江秋季共采集底栖动物54种,隶属4门6纲35科,夏季共采集到底栖动物33种,隶属1门1纲18科,其中牧食收集者为优势程度最大的功能摄食类群,捕食者的优势程度最小,秋季固着型生物的优势程度最大,夏季蔓生型生物的优势程度最大,攀爬型生物的优势程度在秋季和夏季均为最小。基于底栖动物完整性评价的多参数(MMI)指数,将3条河流栖息地斑块的生态质量划分为极差、差、中等、良好和极好5个等级。结果显示:3条河流栖息地斑块生态质量整体为良好,局部为中等;绵远河与湔江的栖息地斑块生态质量整体高于石亭江;秋季石亭江栖息地斑块的生态质量好于夏季。After the Wenchuan earthquake,the piedmont riverbed of the Shiting River was seriously eroded,which had an important impact on the river ecology.However,there is few quantitative ecological evaluation of the piedmont scouring reach.We investigated community structure of macroinvertebrate and environmental factors at 18 sampling sites of the Shiting River,Mianyuan River and Qianjiang River from autumn 2021(October)and summer 2022(July),where the piedmont riverbed is severely eroded since the Wenchuan earthquake.We analyzed the seasonal variation characteristics of the macroinvertebrate community structure,diversity parameters,functional feeding groups,and functional habit groups.Results showed that a total of 54 species of benthic animals were collected from the Shiting River,belonging to 4 phyla,6 classes,and 35 families in autumn.In summer,a total of 33 species of benthic animals were collected,belonging to 1 phyla,1 class,and 18 families.In autumn and summer,the collector-gatherers were the group with the greatest dominance,while the predators had the smallest dominance.In autumn,the dominance of the clingers was the highest.The dominance of the sprawlers was the highest in summer.The dominance of climbers was the lowest in both autumn and summer.The multi-metric index(MMI)evaluation system established based on the macroinvertebrate assemblage indices evaluated the ecological qualities of three rivers'habitat patches.According to the system,the ecological quality can be divided into five levels(bad,poor,moderate,good and perfect).The ecological qualities of the habitat patches of the three rivers were generally good,with several patches being moderate.The riverbed erosion of the Mianyuan River and Jianjiang River was relatively small,and their overall ecological quality of habitat patches was higher than that of the Shiting River.In autumn,the ecological qualities of habitat patches in the Shiting River were better than that in summer.

关 键 词：大型无脊椎底栖动物 季节变化 功能摄食类群 功能习性类群 多参数(MMI)指数 石亭江 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]