2019-2022年浙江省温州市诺如病毒感染暴发疫情的流行病学特征  

Epidemiological characteristics of norovirus outbreak in Wenzhou,Zhejiang from 2019 to 2022

作　　者：倪朝荣[1] 王黎荔[1] 潘琼娇[1] 王建[1] 黄洁茹 Ni Chaorong;Wang Lili;Pan Qiongjiao;Wang Jian;Huang Jieru(Wenzhou Prefectural Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Wenzhou Health Supervision Institution),Wenzhou 325000,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]温州市疾病预防控制中心(温州市卫生监督所),浙江温州325000

出　　处：《疾病监测》2024年第12期1649-1654,共6页Disease Surveillance

基　　金：2019年温州市科技局基础性医疗卫生科技项目(No.Y20190692);2019年温州市医药卫生科研项目(No.2019A04)。

摘　　要：目的分析2019—2022年浙江省温州市诺如病毒感染疫情流行病学特征,为制定有效防控措施提供科学依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制中心突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统收集2019—2022年温州市报告的诺如病毒感染疫情资料,包括发病数、临床症状、流行病学史、样本采样和实验室结果等信息,采用描述性流行病学方法对疫情资料进行流行病学特征分析。结果2019—2022年温州市共报告诺如病毒感染疫情69起,发病1177例,平均罹患率为1.94%。病例临床症状主要为呕吐(78.84%)、腹痛(60.75%)、腹泻(39.42%)、恶心(39.25%)以及发热(19.88%)等。冬春季节为疫情高发期,疫情发生在托幼机构21起、小学31起、中学17起,罹患率以托幼机构最高(3.25%),其次为中学(1.90%),小学最低(1.69%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=71.080,P<0.001)。传播途径以“人传人”为主(67起,97.10%),其次为食源性传播(2起,2.90%)。疫情报告及时性与疫情持续时间呈正相关(r_(s)=0.811,P<0.01)。共采集病例、重点人群、环境等样本1665份,检出诺如病毒核酸阳性504份,阳性率30.27%。诺如病毒GⅡ型52起,另有GⅠ型8起,GⅠ/GⅡ混合型9起;阳性病例中GⅡ.2[P16]型别最多,占43.09%。结论2019—2022年浙江省温州市诺如病毒感染疫情均发生在托幼机构和中、小学校,应加强托幼机构和学校呕吐、腹泻等症状监测,及时发现疫情,规范处置呕吐物和排泄物,有效预防和控制诺如病毒疫情。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus infection in Wenzhou,Zhejiang province,from 2019 to 2022,and to provide evidence for the development of effective prevention and control measures.Methods The incidence data of norovirus infection outbreaks reported in Wenzhou from 2019 to 2022,including the number of cases,clinical symptoms,epidemiological history,specimen sampling,laboratory results,were collected from the Public Health Emergency Management Information System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention for descriptively analysis.Results A total of 69 norovirus infection outbreaks were reported in Wenzhou from 2019 to 2022,involving 1177 cases with an average attack rate of 1.94%.The major clinical symptoms included vomiting(78.84%),bellyache(60.75%),diarrhea(39.42%),nausea(39.25%)and fever(19.88%).The incidence of norovirus epidemics peaked in winter and spring.In the outbreaks,21 occurred in child care settings,31 occurred in primary schools,17 occurred in middle schools.The highest incidence was in childcare settings(3.25%),followed by middle school(1.90%)and primary school(1.69%),the differences were significant(χ^(2)=71.080,P<0.001).Human to human transmission was predominated(67 outbreaks,97.10%),followed by foodborne transmission(2 outbreaks,2.90%).The timeliness of outbreak reporting was positively associated with the duration of the outbreak(r_(s)=0.811,P<0.01).A total of 1665 samples were collected from cases,high-risk population,and environment for nucleic acid testing,in which 504 were positive(30.27%).In the outbreaks,52 norovirus GⅡinfection ones,while 8 were GⅠinfection ones and 9 were GⅠ/GⅡinfection ones.GⅡ.2[P16]was the most common in positive cases,accounting for 43.09%.Conclusion All the norovirus infection outbreaks in Wenzhou from 2019 to 2022 occurred in childcare settings,primary schools and middle schools.The surveillance for symptoms,such as vomiting and diarrhea,in child care settings and schools should be enhanced for the early det

关 键 词：诺如病毒 疫情 流行病学特征 基因型 

分 类 号：R211[医药卫生—中医学] R183.4