固态吸附剂用于燃煤烟气碳捕集的研究和应用进展  

Research and application progress of solid adsorbents for carbon capture from coal-fired flue gas

作　　者：崔洁 章鹏飞 CUI Jie;ZHANG Pengfei(EverBright Envirotech(China)Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 211102,Jiangsu China)

机构地区：[1]光大环境科技(中国)有限公司,江苏南京211102

出　　处：《电力科技与环保》2025年第1期50-58,共9页Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection

基　　金：深圳市科技专项“高稳定固态胺CO_(2)捕集材料合成与应用装备关键技术研发课题”(JSGG2021071309180035)。

摘　　要：碳捕集是减缓全球气候变暖的重要技术手段。固态材料吸附法具有CO_(2)吸附容量高、反应速率高、选择性良好等优点,是近年来的研究热点。本文分析了固体吸附方法的技术原理和研究现状,基于吸附反应器类型总结了不同碳捕集工艺路线的特点和中试试验进展,指出了固态吸附碳捕集技术的发展方向。(1)物理吸附剂已广泛应用于变压吸附和真空变压吸附工艺,分为活性炭基吸附剂、沸石基吸附剂以及金属有机框架吸附剂,根据反应温度、压力、浓度的不同,CO_(2)吸附量在20~1500 mg/g;(2)化学吸附剂包括传统的金属氧化物吸附剂和碱金属碳酸盐吸附剂,以及新兴的固态胺吸附剂,其中基于固废材料的固态胺吸附剂常压下CO_(2)吸附量在48.4~206.8 mg/g;(3)目前国内外基于固态吸附剂的碳捕集中试试验主要包括固定床、流化床和移动床等工艺,其中流化床工艺因为具有传热传质效率高、易于规模化放大等优点被大部分研究者采用;(4)固废基固态胺吸附材料具有耐高温、CO_(2)选择性高、循环寿命长等优点,是未来固态碳捕集材料的重点发展方向,且其对于高温燃煤烟气碳捕集更具应用潜力;(5)固态材料碳捕集的工业化应用的工艺研究方向有:低气固传质阻力、高效气固传热的反应器开发,吸附剂解吸再生能耗降低材料和工艺开发。Carbon capture is an important technical means to mitigate global warming.The solid material adsorption method has the advantages of high CO_(2)adsorption capacity,high reaction rate and good selectivity,which is a research hotspot in recent years.In this paper,the technical principle and research status of solid adsorption method are analyzed.Based on the type of adsorption reactor,the characteristics of different carbon capture process routes and the progress of pilot test were summarized,and the development direction of solid adsorption carbon capture technology was pointed out.(1)Physical adsorbents have been widely used in pressure swing adsorption and vacuum pressure swing adsorption processes.They are divided into activated carbon-based,zeolite-based adsorbents and metal-organic framework adsorbents.According to the different reaction temperature,pressure and concentration,the CO_(2)adsorption capacity is 20~1500 mg/g.(2)Chemical adsorbents include traditional metal oxides and alkali metal carbonate adsorbents,as well as emerging solid amine adsorbents.Among them,solid amine adsorbents based on solid waste materials have a CO_(2)adsorption capacity of 48.4~206.8 mg/g at atmospheric pressure.(3)At present,the carbon capture centralized test based on solid adsorbent at home and abroad mainly includes fixed bed,fluidized bed and moving bed.The fluidized bed process is adopted by most researchers because of its high heat and mass transfer efficiency and easy scale-up.(4)Solid waste-based solid amine adsorption materials have the advantages of high temperature resistance,high CO_(2)selectivity and long cycle life.They are the key development direction of solid carbon capture materials in the future,and they have more application potential for carbon capture of high temperature coal-fired flue gas.(5)The process research directions of industrial application of carbon capture by solid materials includes the development of reactors with low gas-solid mass transfer resistance and high gas-solid heat transfer effici

关 键 词：碳捕集 固态吸附剂 变温吸附 吸附反应器 循环工艺 

分 类 号：TK411[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]