燃煤电厂烟气脱硝催化剂再生技术研究进展  

Research progress on regeneration technology of flue gas denitration catalyst in coal-fired power plants

作　　者：王霂晗 宋绍伟 WANG Muhan;SONG Shaowei(Longyuan(Beijing)Carbon Asset Management Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100034,China;China Energy Investment Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100010,China)

机构地区：[1]龙源(北京)碳资产管理技术有限公司,北京100034 [2]国家能源投资集团有限责任公司,北京100010

出　　处：《电力科技与环保》2025年第1期69-76,共8页Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3701504)。

摘　　要：燃煤电厂为控制NOx排放而普遍采用选择性催化还原法,每年产生大量的废脱硝催化剂,应优先选择再生。再生过程一般包括物理清灰、水清洗、化学清洗、活性补充和焙烧等工序,其中清洗去除毒性元素是最重要的环节。本文对比了溶液清洗法、热(还原)方法、微生物浸出等不同方法的毒性元素去除效果,得出各种方法的优缺点和适用范围,以提高毒性元素去除方法的针对性。(1)溶液清洗法是目前的主流工厂化再生方法,主要包括水洗、酸洗、碱洗3种,三者单独或者组合后可以实现碱(土)金属100%去除,但会引起催化剂V、W组分不同程度的流失。(2)盐溶液、表面活性剂、电泳等清洗方法是溶液清洗法的重要补充,主要用于催化剂特定重金属(Pb、Hg等)或者类金属(As)的清洗去除,可以实现毒性物质的高效去除,引起的V、W组分流失较少。(3)热再生方法可加热去除铵盐,热还原再生方法则可以去除催化剂表面与金属结合的硫酸盐,二者均可应用于燃煤电厂现场再生。(4)微生物再生环境友好,反应条件相对温和,是最具应用前景的失活脱硝催化剂再生方法,但目前应用案例较少,需要突破规模化瓶颈。催化剂失活是复杂烟气成分和运行条件共同作用的结果,具体再生方法应根据失活类型和失活程度进行优选或组合。The selective catalytic reduction method is widely used in coal-fired power plants to control NOx emissions.A large number of waste denitration catalysts are produced every year,and regeneration should be preferred.The regeneration process generally includes physical cleaning,water cleaning,chemical cleaning,activity supplement and roasting,among which cleaning and removing toxic elements is the most important link.In this paper,the removal effects of toxic elements by different methods such as solution cleaning method,thermal(reduction)method and microbial leaching were compared.The advantages and disadvantages of various methods and the scope of application were obtained to improve the pertinence of toxic element removal methods.(1)Solution cleaning method is the current mainstream industrial regeneration method,which mainly includes water washing,acid washing and alkali washing.The three methods can achieve 100%removal of alkali(soil)metals alone or in combination,but it will cause different degrees of loss of catalyst V and W components.(2)Cleaning methods such as salt solution,surfactant,and electrophoresis are important supplements to the solution cleaning method.They are mainly used for the cleaning and removal of specific heavy metals(Pb,Hg,etc.)or metalloids(As)of the catalyst,which can achieve efficient removal of toxic substances and cause less loss of V and W components.(3)The thermal regeneration method can remove ammonium salt by heating,and the thermal reduction regeneration method can remove the metal-bonded sulfate on the catalyst surface.Both of them can be applied to on-site regeneration of coal-fired power plants.(4)Microbial regeneration is environmentally friendly and the reaction conditions are relatively mild.It is the most promising denitrification catalyst regeneration method.However,there are few application cases at present,and it is necessary to break through the bottleneck of scale.Catalyst deactivation is the result of the combined action of complex flue gas composition and operatin

关 键 词：脱硝催化剂 酸洗再生 碱洗再生 热(还原)再生 微生物再生 

分 类 号：TK437[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]