从基因演化到细胞类型演化的理论思考  

Theoretical thinking from gene evolution to cell type evolution

作　　者：张力 李川昀[2] Li Zhang;Chuanyun Li(Chinese Institute for Brain Research,Beijing 102206,China;Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京脑科学与类脑研究所,北京102206 [2]北京大学,北京100871

出　　处：《遗传》2025年第2期172-182,共11页Hereditas(Beijing)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:32170642,32370682)资助。

摘　　要：在生命演化过程中,突变随机产生并被选择固定。同时物种逐步形成,产生各种生命形式。在传统演化理论体系中,突变被默认为遗传突变,体细胞突变仅在肿瘤、免疫和衰老等特定场景使用。选择在生命系统的多个层面发挥作用,包括基因、细胞、组织器官、个体、群体、物种,乃至生态系统。现代生命科学主流研究观点将遗传突变表述为基因型,将细胞类型及其他层面特征表述为表型,并发现表型由基因型和环境因素共同决定。目前,尚不清楚基因型和环境因素在细胞层面的作用机制,以及新细胞类型的产生和固定机制。本文从基因演化研究出发,依托现有演化理论体系,初步论述了细胞类型演化的理论定位和潜在的研究方向。During evolution,mutations occur randomly and are fixed by selection.At the same time,species gradually formed,producing various life forms.In the traditional evolutionary theory system,mutations are considered genetic mutations by default,and somatic mutations are usually applicable in specific scenarios such as carcinogenesis,immunity and aging.At the same time,selection plays a role at multiple levels of living systems,including genes,cells,tissues and organs,individuals,populations,species,and even ecosystems.The research community of modern life science expresses genetic mutations as genotypes and cellular and other level characteristics as phenotypes,and finds that phenotypes are determined by both genotypes and environmental factors.Currently,it is unclear how genotypic and environmental factors act at the cellular level to create and fix new cell types.In this review,we summarize that it’s time to move forward from gene evolution to build the framework for cell type evolution and finally update the theoretical system for evolutionary biology.

关 键 词：随机突变 自然选择 基因演化 细胞类型演化 

分 类 号：Q31[生物学—遗传学]