动物性染色体剂量补偿  

Dosage compensation of sex chromosomes in animals

作　　者：陈小舒 陈家璧 Xiaoshu Chen;Jiabi Chen(Department of Biology and Medical Genetics,Zhongshan School of Medicine,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510080,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学中山医学院生物与医学遗传学系,广州510080

出　　处：《遗传》2025年第2期200-210,共11页Hereditas(Beijing)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:32222018,32170635)资助。

摘　　要：性染色体的起源与演化是生物学领域长期关注的研究方向,动物界研究最多的两种性染色体系统是XY系统和ZW系统。Y/W染色体退化导致性连锁基因沉默和缺失,与常染色体基因以及同配型(XX/ZZ)的性连锁基因相比,异配型(XY/ZW)的性连锁基因剂量减少。针对性染色体与常染色体的剂量失衡问题,目前已经提出了多种模型解释剂量补偿的进化机制。基于性染色体剂量效应研究的复杂性,本文首先总结了哺乳动物的转录组、蛋白质组、单倍体、单细胞等多个角度的研究结果,随后在多物种中总结了性染色体剂量效应在多个系统发育分支情况,最后归纳了剂量效应的理论模型以及研究展望。The origin and evolution of sex chromosomes have long been a focus of research in biology.Two of the most studied systems are the XY system and the ZW system.Due to Y/W degeneration,heterozygous(XY/ZW)sex-linked genes are absent and their dosage is reduced when compared to autosomal genes and homozygous(XX/ZZ)sex-linked genes,creating an issue of dosage imbalance between sex chromosomes and autosomes.Multiple evolutionary models have been proposed to explain the evolutionary mechanism of dosage compensation that might resolve such dosage imbalance.In this review,we summarize the findings related to the dosage effect of sex chromosomes from a variety of perspectives,including transcriptomes,proteomes,haploid cells,and single cells.In addition,a summary of the dosage effect of sex chromosomes in major phylogenetic branches of multiple species is provided.Finally,we approved an overview of the related theoretical models and future research directions at the end of this paper.

关 键 词：性染色体 剂量补偿 剂量不敏感 

分 类 号：Q953[生物学—动物学]